Abstract: Laminated structures comprise a metal sheet including a first face and a second face with a thickness of from about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm extending between the first face and the second face. The laminated structure further includes a first chemically strengthened glass sheet including a thickness of less than or equal to about 1.1 mm and a first interlayer attaching the first chemically strengthened glass sheet to the first face of the metal sheet. In further examples, methods of manufacturing a laminated structure comprise the steps of laminating with a metal sheet and a first chemically strengthened glass sheet together with an interlayer.

Abstract: The principles and embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to complexly curved laminates made from a complexly curved substrate and a flat substrate, such as automotive window glazings, and methods of cold forming complexly-curved glass products from a curved substrate and a flat substrate. In one or more embodiments, the laminate includes first complexly-curved glass substrate with a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, a second complexly-curved glass substrate with a third surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface with a thickness therebetween; and a polymer interlayer affixed to the second convex surface and third surface, wherein the third surface and fourth surface have compressive stress values respectively that differ such that the fourth surface has as compressive stress value that is greater than the compressive stress value of the third surface.

Abstract: A hair pulling apparatus includes a frame having a longitudinal axis, a first leg extending from the frame, a movable leg spaced apart from the first leg, the movable leg extending from the frame and movable, linearly, relative to the frame, a control system comprising a processor to execute a plurality of pulling profile instructions stored in memory, a linear actuator operatively coupled to the control system and constructed to move linearly along the longitudinal axis relative to the frame, a gripper coupled to the linear actuator, and a load cell coupled to the linear actuator. When one or more of the plurality of pulling profile instructions stored in memory are executed by the processor, the control system causes the linear actuator to retract along the longitudinal axis, applying a pulling force to a strand of hair gripped by the gripper in order to measure the pulling force.

Abstract: A new laminated glass structure for automotive glazing, architectural window and other applications that includes two sheets of relatively thin, optionally chemically strengthened glass, such as Corning® Gorilla® Glass, with a composite interlayer structure that includes at least one relatively stiff layer having relatively high Young's modulus of 50 MPa or higher and a relatively softer polymer layer having a relatively low Young's modulus of 20 MPa or lower.

Abstract: Embodiments of a vehicle with reduced cabin noise are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the vehicle includes a vehicle body enclosing an interior, a forward facing opening in communication with the interior, a windshield laminate having a first surface density (kg/m2) disposed in the forward facing opening, at least one side facing opening adjacent to the windshield, and a side window laminate having a surface density substantially equal to the first surface density disposed in the one side facing opening, wherein, within a frequency range from about 2500 Hz to about 8000 Hz, the windshield laminate comprises a first coincident dip minimum at a first frequency, and the side window laminate comprise a second coincident dip minimum at a second frequency, and wherein the first frequency and the second frequency differ by at least one one-sixth octave interval.

Abstract: An efficient, cost-effective, and efficacious technique for removing coal ash and other pollutants from waterways, ponds, marshes, holding tanks and other water sources and supplies. An apparatus comprising an open cage including electromagnets and/or permanent magnets and/or electrodes is supplied with electrical power to extract materials such as rare earth elements and/or heavy metals. The materials levitate to the surface, forming a slurry while leaving water substantially free of such materials.

Abstract: An efficient, cost-effective, and efficacious technique for removing coal ash and other pollutants from waterways, ponds, marshes, holding tanks and other water sources and supplies. An apparatus comprising an open cage including electromagnets and/or permanent magnets and/or electrodes is supplied with electrical power to extract materials such as rare earth elements and/or heavy metals. The materials levitate to the surface, forming a shiny while leaving water substantially free of such materials.

Abstract: A new laminated glass structure for automotive glazing, architectural window and other applications that includes two sheets of relatively thin, optionally chemically strengthened glass, such as Corning® Gorilla® Glass, with a composite interlayer structure that includes at least one relatively stiff layer having relatively high Young's modulus of 50 MPa or higher and a relatively softer polymer layer having a relatively low Young's modulus of 20 MPa or lower.

Abstract: Laminated structures include a thin glass sheet with a thickness of less than 600 ?m being attached to a metal sheet with an adhesive layer including a thickness of about 100 ?m or less. These laminated structures can include planar or curved shapes. Methods of manufacturing a laminated structure are also provided including the step of attaching a glass sheet with a thickness of less than 600 ?m to a metal sheet with an adhesive layer including a thickness of about 300 ?m or less.

Abstract: An efficient, cost-effective, and efficacious technique for removing coal ash and other pollutants from waterways, ponds, marshes, holding tanks and other water sources and supplies. An apparatus comprising an open cage including electromagnets and/or permanent magnets and/or electrodes is supplied with electrical power to extract materials such as rare earth elements and/or heavy metals. The materials levitate to the surface, forming a slurry while leaving water substantially free of such materials.

Abstract: Laminated structures comprise a metal sheet including a first face and a second face with a thickness of from about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm extending between the first face and the second face. The laminated structure further includes a first chemically strengthened glass sheet including a thickness of less than or equal to about 1.1 mm and a first interlayer attaching the first chemically strengthened glass sheet to the first face of the metal sheet. In further examples, methods of manufacturing a laminated structure comprise the steps of laminating with a metal sheet and a first chemically strengthened glass sheet together with an interlayer.

Abstract: Laminated structures comprise a metal sheet including a first face and a second face with a thickness of from about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm extending between the first face and the second face. The laminated structure further includes a first chemically strengthened glass sheet including a thickness of less than or equal to about 1.1 mm and a first interlayer attaching the first chemically strengthened glass sheet to the first face of the metal sheet. In further examples, methods of manufacturing a laminated structure comprise the steps of laminating with a metal sheet and a first chemically strengthened glass sheet together with an interlayer.

Abstract: The principles and embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to complexly curved laminates made from a complexly curved substrate and a flat substrate, such as automotive window glazings, and methods of cold forming complexly-curved glass products from a curved substrate and a flat substrate. In one or more embodiments, the laminate includes first complexly-curved glass substrate with a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, a second complexly-curved glass substrate with a third surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface with a thickness therebetween; and a polymer interlayer affixed to the second convex surface and third surface, wherein the third surface and fourth surface have compressive stress values respectively that differ such that the fourth surface has as compressive stress value that is greater than the compressive stress value of the third surface.

Abstract: The principles and embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to complexly curved laminates made from a complexly curved substrate and a flat substrate, such as automotive window glazings, and methods of cold forming complexly-curved glass products from a curved substrate and a flat substrate. In one or more embodiments, the laminate includes first complexly-curved glass substrate with a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, a second complexly-curved glass substrate with a third surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface with a thickness therebetween; and a polymer interlayer affixed to the second convex surface and third surface, wherein the third surface and fourth surface have compressive stress values respectively that differ such that the fourth surface has as compressive stress value that is greater than the compressive stress value of the third surface.

Abstract: A hair pulling apparatus includes a frame having a longitudinal axis, a first leg extending from the frame, a movable leg spaced apart from the first leg, the movable leg extending from the frame and movable, linearly, relative to the frame, a control system comprising a processor to execute a plurality of pulling profile instructions stored in memory, a linear actuator operatively coupled to the control system and constructed to move linearly along the longitudinal axis relative to the frame, a gripper coupled to the linear actuator, and a load cell coupled to the linear actuator. When one or more of the plurality of pulling profile instructions stored in memory are executed by the processor, the control system causes the linear actuator to retract along the longitudinal axis, applying a pulling force to a strand of hair gripped by the gripper in order to measure the pulling force.

Abstract: A process for producing glass laminates including at least one sheet of glass having a thickness not exceeding 1.0 mm with reduced optical distortion and shape consistency. A pre-laminate stack of two glass sheets and a polymer interlayer are stacked between two buffer plates that are formed nominally to the desired shape of the laminate mold. The pre-laminate stack is held between the buffer plates while a vacuum is applied to the edges of the pre-laminate stack and the stack is heated to a temperature somewhat above the softening temperature of the interlayer to de-air and tack the interlayer to the two glass sheets forming the desired shaped laminate with reduced optical distortion.

Abstract: The principles and embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to complexly curved laminates made from a complexly curved substrate and a flat substrate, such as automotive window glazings, and methods of cold forming complexly-curved glass products from a curved substrate and a flat substrate. In one or more embodiments, the laminate includes first complexly-curved glass substrate with a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, a second complexly-curved glass substrate with a third surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface with a thickness therebetween; and a polymer interlayer affixed to the second convex surface and third surface, wherein the third surface and fourth surface have compressive stress values respectively that differ such that the fourth surface has as compressive stress value that is greater than the compressive stress value of the third surface.

Abstract: Embodiments of a laminate exhibiting enhanced acoustic performance are described. In one or more embodiments, the laminate includes a first substrate, an interlayer structure and a second substrate. One or both the first substrate and the second substrate have a thickness less than about 1.5 mm. In one or more embodiments, the interlayer structure includes a first interlayer and a second interlayer, wherein the first interlayer has a lower shear modulus than the second interlayer and is positioned near the center of the laminate (i.e., positioned at a thickness range from about 0.4t to about 0.6t, where t is the laminate thickness). The laminates exhibit a transmission loss of greater than about 38 dB over a frequency range from about 2500 Hz to about 6000 Hz. Vehicles and architectural panels including the laminates described herein are also provided.

Abstract: A laminate structure having a first glass layer, a second glass layer, and at least one polymer interlayer intermediate the first and second glass layers. The polymer interlayer can include a first region having a first modulus of elasticity and a second region having a second modulus of elasticity. The second modulus of elasticity can be greater than the first modulus of elasticity. In some embodiments, the first region can be a central region of the polymer interlayer and the second region can be a peripheral region of the polymer interlayer encompassing the first region.

Abstract: A thin glass laminate is provided that includes at least one or two outer thin (not exceeding 2 mm or not exceeding 1.5 mm) glass sheets with at least one polymer interlayer laminated between the two outer thin glass sheets. The laminate has a high level of adhesion between the two glass sheets and the interlayer, such that the laminate has a pummel value of at least 7, at least 8, or at least 9. The laminate may also have a high penetration resistance of at least 20 feet mean break height. The polymer interlayers may have a thickness ranging from about 0.5 mm to about 2.5 mm and may be formed of an ionomer, plolyvinyl butyral, or polycarbonate. At least one or both of the two glass sheets may be chemically strengthened.