Abstract: A collar device is described herein comprising a spacer component including at least one emitter and at least one detector, the spacer component comprising a plurality of optical pathway elements, wherein the plurality of optical pathway elements comprises a first optical pathway element and a second optical pathway element. The spacer component is secured to the device, wherein the first optical pathway element extends from an emitter, wherein the second optical pathway element extends from a detector. The emitter is configured to project light through the first optical pathway element toward skin tissue of an animal. The detector is configured to detect portions of the light reflected by the skin tissue back through the second optical pathway element. One or more applications running on at least one processor of the device is configured to use information of reflected light to determine a biological metric.

Abstract: Systems and methods of tracking a mobile subject based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data, including a boundary test unit to evaluate a boundary violation according to the current actionable position and current actionable speed of the mobile subject relative to a predetermined boundary, wherein the current actionable position is a sum of a prior actionable position and a product of a degraded position difference and a position tracking coefficient, and a current actionable speed is a function of a prior actionable speed and a degraded speed estimate.

Abstract: Systems and methods of tracking a mobile subject based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data, including a boundary test unit to evaluate a boundary violation according to the current actionable position and current actionable speed of the mobile subject relative to a predetermined boundary, wherein the current actionable position is a sum of a prior actionable position and a product of a degraded position difference and a position tracking coefficient, and a current actionable speed is a function of a prior actionable speed and a degraded speed estimate.

Abstract: An electronic pet gate. The electronic pet gate includes a gate transmitter generating a barrier field and a gate receiver generating a deterrent stimulus in the presence of the barrier field. The gate transmitter includes a loop antenna in a low profile elongated sill and a barrier signal generator. The loop antenna transmits the barrier signal and has an elongated geometric shape configured to shape the radiated electromagnetic field into a truncated ellipsoid. The truncated ellipsoidal barrier field has significant field strength along the length of the low profile sill and minimal field strength along the sides of the low profile sill. The low profile sill is designed to securely rest on the floor to block access to an area restricted to a pet without being a substantial physical impediment or hazard to people passing over low profile sill.

Abstract: An electronic pet gate. The electronic pet gate includes a gate transmitter generating a barrier field and a gate receiver generating a deterrent stimulus in the presence of the barrier field. The gate transmitter includes a loop antenna in a low profile elongated sill and a barrier signal generator. The loop antenna transmits the barrier signal and has an elongated geometric shape configured to shape the radiated electromagnetic field into a truncated ellipsoid. The truncated ellipsoidal barrier field has significant field strength along the length of the low profile sill and minimal field strength along the sides of the low profile sill. The low profile sill is designed to securely rest on the floor to block access to an area restricted to a pet without being a substantial physical impediment or hazard to people passing over low profile sill.

Abstract: A method, and an apparatus to perform the method, of tracking a mobile subject based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data, the method including detecting motion of the mobile subject independently of the GNSS data with a motion detector, receiving the GNSS data and determining an actionable position and speed of the mobile subject, with an actionable position and speed unit, according to GNSS position and speed, detection results of the motion detector, and at least one of, or any combination of, GNSS solution metrics, GNSS signal metrics, or a prior actionable position and speed, and evaluating, with a boundary test unit, the actionable position and speed of the mobile subject relative to a predetermined boundary.

Abstract: Described is a vibration stimulus delivery device for delivering a vibration stimulus to an animal and for maximizing the robustness and intensity of the vibration stimulus. The vibration stimulus delivery device is carried by the animal and includes a housing and a vibration probe. The vibration probe is positioned in direct contact with the skin of the animal and generates a vibration, which, when delivered to the animal, is the vibration stimulus. The vibration probe is coupled to the housing such that the coupling minimizes the inherent vibration dampening effect caused by the weight and mass of the housing. The result is a vibration stimulus delivery device that delivers a more robust and intense vibration stimulus to the animal.

Abstract: Described is a vibration stimulus delivery device for delivering a vibration stimulus to an animal by way of a vibration probe secured in physical contact with the skin of the animal. The vibration stimulus delivery device includes a vibration probe, a stimulus trigger detection device, and a carrying device. The vibration probe and the stimulus trigger detection device are secured to the carrying device, which is secured to the animal such that the animal carries the vibration probe and the stimulus trigger detection device. The vibration probe is disposed on the carrying device such that the vibration probe is secured in physical contact with the skin of the animal. The stimulus trigger detection device is adapted to detect an undesirable behavior and is in electrical communication with the vibration probe such that when the stimulus trigger detection device detects the undesirable behavior, the vibration probe is activated. When activated, the vibration probe generates a vibration.

Abstract: Described is a vibration stimulus delivery device for delivering a vibration stimulus to an animal and for maximizing the robustness and intensity of the vibration stimulus. The vibration stimulus delivery device is carried by the animal and includes a housing and a vibration probe. The vibration probe is positioned in direct contact with the skin of the animal and generates a vibration, which, when delivered to the animal, is the vibration stimulus. The vibration probe is coupled to the housing such that the coupling minimizes the inherent vibration dampening effect caused by the weight and mass of the housing. The result is a vibration stimulus delivery device that delivers a more robust and intense vibration stimulus to the animal.