Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a solenoid assembly that includes a ferromagnetic core tube having a longitudinal axis, a radial exterior surface and a radial interior surface, the ferromagnetic core tube comprising a channel disposed on the radial exterior surface of the ferromagnetic core tube, the channel circumscribing the ferromagnetic core tube along a given portion of the longitudinal axis, the channel comprising a plurality of radial exterior surfaces. The solenoid assembly also includes an excitation coil disposed radially outward of the ferromagnetic core tube.

Abstract: An electronic throttle control unit includes an air bypass channel having a removable obstruction that opens in response to receiving an electronic throttle control fault signal and thereby allowing the vehicle a limp home condition. The throttle plate defaults to a fully closed position upon engine-off to substantially prevent evaporation and escape of hydrocarbons from the intake manifold to the atmosphere.