Abstract: An improved method of separating a macromolecule by isoelectric focusing comprising subjecting the macromolecule to electrophoresis in an isoelectric-focusing medium including a substantially thiol-free reducing agent, preferably a trivalent phosphorous compound and more preferably tributyl phosphine, the improvement being the solubility and focusing of the macromolecule is enhanced compared to isoelectric focusing of the same macromolecule in a similar isoelectric-focusing medium containing a thiol-reducing agent.

Abstract: An improved method of separating a macromolecule by isoelectric focusing comprising subjecting the macromolecule to electrophoresis in an isoelectric-focusing medium including a substantially thiol-free reducing agent, preferably a trivalent phosphorous compound and more preferably tributyl phosphine, the improvement being the solubility and focusing of the macromolecule is enhanced compared to isoelectric focusing of the same macromolecule in a similar isoelectric-focusing medium containing a thiol-reducing agent.

Abstract: Described is a method for analysing at least one sample in an array of samples, the method including recording an image of the position of at least one sample relative to the other samples; utilising the recorded image to allow the application of a reagent or a succession of reagents to at least one sample in situ; and analysing at least one sample for a reaction with the reagent(s). Also described is an apparatus for analysing at least one sample in an array of samples, the apparatus including (a) a device to record an image of the position of at least one sample relative to the other samples; (b) a device to apply a reagent or sequence of reagents to at least one sample in situ; (c) a device to analyse at least one sample for a reaction with the reagent(s); and (d) a device to control the application of reagent(s) to the samples.

Abstract: A method of producing IgG1 subclass antibodies reactive to the surface of Crystosporidium oocysts, the method comprising: (a) separating at least a protion of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall from the internal sporozoites to form an oocyst-wall preparation; (b) treating the separated oocyst-wall preparation so as to obtain an oocyst antigen preparation capable of eliciting a detectable IgG1 immune response in an animal to the surface of the oocyst; (c) immunizing an animal with the oocyst antigen preparation so as to elicit an IgG1 immune response in the animal; and (d) obtaining from the animal IgG1 antibodies reactive to the surface of Cryptosporidium oocysts. IgG1 antibodies reactive to the surface of Cryptosporidium oocysts.

Abstract: An improved method of separating a macromolecule by isoelectric focusing comprising subjecting the macromolecule to electrophoresis in an isoelectric-focusing medium including a substantially thiol-free reducing agent, preferably a trivalent phosphorous compound and more preferably tributyl phosphine, the improvement being the solubility and focusing of the macromolecule is enhanced compared to isoelectric focusing of the same macromolecule in a similar isoelectric-focusing medium containing a thiol-reducing agent.

Abstract: Described is a method for analyzing at least one sample in an array of samples, the method including recording an image of the position of at least one sample relative to the other sample; utilizing the recorded image to allow the application of a reagent or a succession of reagents to at least one sample in situ; and analyzing at least one sample for a reaction with the reagent(s). Also described is an apparatus for analyzing at least one sample in an array of samples, the apparatus including (a) a device to record an image of the position of at least one sample relative to the other samples; (b) a device to apply a reagent or sequence of reagents to at least one sample in situ; (c) a device to analyse at least one sample for a reaction with the reagent(s); and (d) a device to control the application of reagent(s) to the samples.

Abstract: Antigenic polypeptides and peptides from Cryptosporidium, and nucleic acid molecules encoding same, are dis-closed which have potential for use in a protective vaccine preparation. A preferred polypeptide has the amino acid sequence, (a).

Abstract: An electrophoresis apparatus for the simultaneous electrophoretic separation of a plurality of component mixtures using a disposable tray having a plurality of parallel troughs shaped to retain an elongate strip of isoelectric focusing medium and sufficient liquid to immerse the elongate strip. A frame is provided to retain the tray in a horizontal position using a pair of rotatably mounted support members moving between an open and closed position. Support members are also connected to a plurality of electrodes aligned with each of the troughs so that the electrodes are positioned clear of the troughs in the open position and positioned in the troughs when in the closed position.

Abstract: Methods for producing glycan nitrones comprising reacting glycans with a mono-N-substituted hydroxylamine at pH 6 or greater to form glycan nitrones. Methods for producing glycan derivatives comprising reacting glycan nitrones produced by reacting glycans with a mono-N-substituted hydroxylamine at pH 6 or greater with a reducing agent to form hydroxylamine glycan derivatives and uses of the glycan nitrones and hydroxylamine glycan derivatives produced by the methods.

Abstract: A preparative method of separating oligosaccharides from contaminants such as peptides and salts, comprising the steps of reacting a solution containing oligosaccharides and contaminants with a solid support comprising graphitized carbon such that the oligosaccharides substantially bind to the solid support; washing the support to remove any contaminants not bound to the solid support; and eluting the bound oligosaccharide from the support without eluting bound contaminants to obtain a solution of oligosaccharides substantially free of contaminants.

Abstract: Oligonucleotide molecules and methods are disclosed for the detection of viable oocysts or other cells of the protozoa species, Cyrptosporidium parvum. Preferred oligonucleotide molecules are selected from the group comprising oligonucleotides having one or more of the following sequences: (a) ACA ATT ATT, (b) CTT TTT GGT, (c) ATT TTA TAT AAA ATA TTT TGA TGA A, (d) TTT TTT TTT TTA GTA T, (e) TAT ATT TTT TAT CTG, (f) CTT TAC TTA CAT GGA TAA CCG, or comprising a part of the sequences (a) to (f) above so as to allow specific hybridization to unique 18S rRNA sequences of C. parvum.

Abstract: The present invention consists in methods of preparing derivatives either isolation or from glycopeptides or glycoproteins. The methods comprise producing sugar hydrazones, sugar pyrazoles, glycosylpyrazones, azoglycan dyes and hydrazoglycan dyes. The present invention also relates to the removal of O-glycans from glycopeptides or glycoproteins, immobilising reducing sugars onto solid supports and methods to obtain sugars from glycopeptide or glycoprotein comprising subjecting the glycopeptide or glycoprotein to solid-phase Edman degradation followed by separating and characterizing the sugars.

Abstract: Isolates of Paecilomyces lilacinus, Paecilomyces lilacinus 251 (AGAL 89/030550), Paecilomyces lilacinus 252 (AGAL 90/028188A), Paecilomyces lilacinus 253 (AGAL 90/028188B), and Paecilomyces lilacinus 254 (AGAL 90/028188C), which exhibit aggressive and fast nematicidal activity at commercially useful spore concentrations and methods of using the disclosed strains of P. lilacinus to biologically control nematode infestation in crop plants, thereby reducing the need for chemical nematicides.

Abstract: The present invention consists in methods of preparing sugar derivatives either in isolation or from glycopeptides or glycoproteins. The methods comprise producing sugar hydrazones, sugar pyrazoles, glycosylpyrazones, azoglycan dyes and hydrazoglycan dyes. The present invention also relates to the removal of O-glycans from glycopeptides or glycoproteins, immobilizing reducing sugars onto solid supports and methods to obtain sugars from a glycopeptide or glycoprotein comprising subjecting the glycopeptide or glycoprotein to solid phase Edman degradation followed by separating and characterizing the sugars.