Abstract: A controller system includes a device configured to cross an occlusion or stenosis and a control unit. The occlusion-crossing device has an axial lumen and a drive shaft extending through the axial lumen. The control unit is coupled to the device. The control unit has a processor which produces a variable sound and a variable visual display in response to a load measurement on the drive shaft. The load may be measured by a change in current in a motor which drives the shaft. This change in current is then converted to a frequency for variable sound and to a visual display indicative of the load. The load status on the motor may be divided into discrete load levels and correspondingly indicated by discrete levels in the feedback sound frequency and the visual display. This system may be used to monitor and facilitate crossing vascular total occlusions during percutaneous interventions.

Abstract: A guidewire controller system includes a guidewire device and a control unit. The guidewire device has an axial lumen and a drive shaft extending through the axial lumen. The control unit is coupled to the guidewire device. The control unit has a processor which produces a variable sound in response to a load measurement on the drive shaft. The load may be measured by a change in current in a motor which drives the shaft. This change in current is then converted to a frequency for variable sound.

Abstract: A new and improved voltage multiplier circuit is provided which converts a relatively low voltage to a relatively high voltage without any undesirable voltage drops across any of the constituent components. A plurality of the disclosed voltage multiplier circuits may be cascaded together to increase the multiplied output voltage, wherein each multiplier stage of the cascaded circuits multiplies the input voltage by two.