Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for detecting a target molecule in a liquid sample. The methods described herein comprise applying at least a portion of the liquid sample on a solid substrate that comprises a non-fouling polymer layer, decreasing the atmospheric pressure surrounding the solid substrate containing the portion of the liquid sample for a time sufficient for a majority of the liquid to evaporate from the portion of the liquid sample applied to the solid substrate, contacting the liquid sample with one or more binding agents that binds to the target molecule after the majority of the liquid has evaporated from the liquid sample, and detecting the presence of the one or more binding agents on the solid substrate, wherein the presence of the one or more binding agents indicates the presence of the target molecule in the liquid sample.