Abstract: An electrochromic device, including a first transparent conductor layer, an electrochromic layer, a toughened interface layer positioned between and operationally connected in electric communication with the first transparent conductor layer and the electrochromic layer, an electrolyte operationally connected to the electrochromic layer, an ion storage layer operationally connected to the solid electrolyte layer, and a second transparent conductor layer operationally connected to the ion storage layer. The electrochromic device remains substantially free of interfacial delamination between the first transparent conductive and the electrochromic layer for at least 10,000 duty cycles.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for measuring mechanical properties of electrodes during electrochemical reactions. Such an apparatus includes a fixture having a fluid reservoir that is open to a surrounding atmosphere, first and second electrodes located within the fluid reservoir, and a contact for coupling with a sample material located in the fluid reservoir to define a third electrode. The apparatus further includes a nanoindenter configured for applying a load to a surface of the sample material to form an indentation therein and measuring the load and the size of the indentation over time, a housing enclosing the fixture and the nanoindenter within an inert atmosphere, and a potentiostat configured to charge and discharge an electrochemical cell that is defined by the first, second, and third electrodes and an electrolyte solution in the fluid reservoir while the nanoindenter is applying the load.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for measuring mechanical properties of electrodes during electrochemical reactions. Such an apparatus includes a fixture having a fluid reservoir that is open to a surrounding atmosphere, first and second electrodes located within the fluid reservoir, and a contact for coupling with a sample material located in the fluid reservoir to define a third electrode. The apparatus further includes a nanoindenter configured for applying a load to a surface of the sample material to form an indentation therein and measuring the load and the size of the indentation over time, a housing enclosing the fixture and the nanoindenter within an inert atmosphere, and a potentiostat configured to charge and discharge an electrochemical cell that is defined by the first, second, and third electrodes and an electrolyte solution in the fluid reservoir while the nanoindenter is applying the load.