Abstract: Disclosed are methods, software, and systems for comparing biopolymer sequences. The model includes at least two different characterizations of states of matching between segments of sequences at defined positions. Examples of states of matching include: similarity and dissimilarity between objects, as well as similarity to a reference, e.g., a reference sequence or a sequence profile. A topology of particular match states can be used to identify classes of sequences, e.g., preprohormone sequences.

Abstract: A model is used to represent a set of structured data objects that include elements at defined positions. The model includes distributions of vectors, each distribution corresponding to particular positions in the respective structured data objects, each of the vectors comprising values for the particular positions; and comparing a given set of structured data objects to the model to determine a likelihood that the given set is represented by the model. At least some of the distributions of the model differ such that different states of matching are indicated. Distributions of the model can indicate: dissimilarity between the structured data objects at defined positions; similarity between the structured data objects at defined positions; or similarity to a reference structure data object at defined positions.

Abstract: A model is used to represent a set of structured data objects that include elements at defined positions. The model includes distributions of vectors, each distribution corresponding to particular positions in the respective structured data objects, each of the vectors comprising values for the particular positions; and comparing a given set of structured data objects to the model to determine a likelihood that the given set is represented by the model. At least some of the distributions of the model differ such that different states of matching are indicated. Distributions of the model can indicate: dissimilarity between the structured data objects at defined positions; similarity between the structured data objects at defined positions; or similarity to a reference structure data object at defined positions.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, software, and systems for comparing biopolymer sequences. The model includes at least two different characterizations of states of matching between segments of sequences at defined positions. Examples of states of matching include: similarity and dissimilarity between objects, as well as similarity to a reference, e.g., a reference sequence or a sequence profile. A topology of particular match states can be used to identify classes of sequences, e.g., preprohormone sequences.

Abstract: The present invention is a speech processing system and method which includes a codebook generator (26) for generating a reference vector quantization codebook which describes a reference environment and for generating at least one secondary vector quantization codebook which describes at least one secondary environment. The secondary vector quantization codebooks are generated using the reference vector quantization codebook. A speech recognizer (38), which is trained using the reference vector quantization codebook, is also included. A pre-processor (32) accepts as input speech collected from an unknown environment and pre-processes that speech, before input to the speech recognizer (38), using the reference vector quantization codebook and an adaptation of the secondary vector quantization codebooks.