Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus including computer program products are provided for determining advertisement effectiveness. In some implementations a method is provided. The method includes identifying a plurality of user events, where each user event is a tracked online activity or action and identifying information associated with each identified user event, the information including at least one of a time and a location of each user event. The method also includes associating each user event with an advertisement including relating each advertisement with times and locations of associated user events and determining advertisement effectiveness using the information from the identified plurality of user events.