Abstract: In a diffraction grating device (1), index modulations are formed along the longitudinal direction of an optical fiber (10) serving as an optical waveguide. The optical fiber (10) has a core region (11), an inner cladding region (12), and an outer cladding region (13) sequentially from the optical axis center. Index modulations are formed in both the core region (11) and the inner cladding region (12) of the optical fiber (10) in each of a plurality of regions A1 to AN (N is an integer; N≧2) separated from each other along the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber (10). In the diffraction grating device (1), regions An (n=1 to N) in which index modulations are formed in both the core region (11) and the inner cladding region (12) and regions Bn (n=1 to N−1) in which no index modulations are formed alternately exist along the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making a diffraction grating device, in which an optical waveguide is irradiated, by way of a phase grating, with light capable of inducing a refractive index modulation in an optical waveguide region of the optical waveguide so as to form a diffraction grating in the optical waveguide region. In the present invention, when modulating the refractive index of the optical waveguide region of an optical fiber, the intensity of refractive index modulation inducing light emitted from a laser light source so as to irradiate the phase grating is adjusted according to individual positions on the phase grating. Alternatively, the scanning speed of a mirror scanned by a stage is adjusted according to the individual positions on the phase grating. Here, the amount of irradiation of refractive index modulation inducing light at each position on the phase grating is adjusted so as to cancel the diffraction efficiency distribution of phase grating.

Abstract: The invention provides an ink jet recording liquid of high optical density, good rub resistance, and excellent feathering and long-term preservation stability when the liquid is used for printing on plain paper as well as an ink jet recording method in which the ink jet recording liquid is used. In the ink jet recording liquid which contains pigment, water soluble organic solvent, and water as the essential components, and additionally containing water soluble resin and/or surfactant, 1) the temporal change rate of dynamic contact angle on plain paper is in a range from 0.5 to 3.5 degrees/second, 2) the number average particle diameter in the ink jet recording liquid is in a range from 15 to 100 nm, and 3) the volume average particle diameter in the ink jet recording liquid is in a range from 30 to 200 nm. The above-mentioned ink jet recording liquid is printed by means of ink jet recording.

Abstract: Provided is magenta ink that satisfies all the necessary properties including good light-fastness, good color reproducibility, especially good color reproducibility of magenta-related secondary colors of red and blue, and high reliability, and gives satisfactory high-quality images. Also provided are a color ink set for ink-jet recording, which contains the magenta ink, and an ink-jet recording method in which is used the magenta ink or the color ink set. The magenta ink contains water, a colorant and at least two water-soluble organic solvents, and its visible-light absorbance spectrum gives a first peak A (abs.) within a range of from 500 to 570 nm and a second peak B (abs.) within a range of from 300 to 350 nm with a ratio A/B falling between 0.9 and 2.5. The magenta ink is combined with cyan ink and yellow ink to form the color ink set, which contains water, colorants and at least two water-soluble organic solvents.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ink-jet recording method and an ink-jet printer, which can diminish or control curling and cockling of the recording medium. The present invention also provides an ink-jet recording method and an ink-jet printer, which can form a recorded image of high quality, resistance to water and drying capacity, while diminishing or controlling curling and cockling. In the ink-jet recording method and ink-jet printer of the present invention, a recording image is formed on the surface of a recording medium containing at least one organic compound selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1-tris(hydroxylmethyl)propane, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and sugar alcohols, by applying an ink composed of at least a colorant, a water-soluble organic solvent, and water.

Abstract: In an aqueous ink jet recording liquid including at least water, a water-soluble organic solvent and a water-insoluble coloring material, (1) the absolute value of the zeta potential is 20 mV or more, (2) the conductivity is from 0.05 to 0.75 S/m, (3) the number average particle size of dispersed particles is from 15 to 200 nm, and (4) the number of particles having a particle size of 0.5 &mgr;m or more present in one liter is 2.5×1011 or less. Due to the aforementioned, dispersion stability of the coloring material can be maintained in the ink jet recording liquid in which the water-insoluble coloring material is dispersed, and the aqueous ink jet recording liquid is provided, which is excellent regarding stability over long periods of time, causes no ink flow route clogging and prevents kogation in printing, provides a recorded material having excellent rub resistance, printing quality, optical density, water resistance and lightfastness, and can prevent uneven density.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ink for ink jet recording comprising water, a pigment that is self-dispersible-in-water, and a water-soluble organic solvent, wherein said ink for ink jet recording contains a water-soluble organic compound having an S.P. value of 12 or less and a surface tension at 25° C. of less than 40 mN/m in an amount of from 3.0 to 15.0 wt % based on the entire weight of the ink. Also, disclosed are a method for producing the ink and an ink jet recording method by using the ink.

Abstract: An ink for ink jet printing which contains as essential components pigment, water-soluble organic solvent, and water. The ink contains particles, after ink jetting, such that the number-average particle diameter is 10 to 150 nm and the number of particles larger than 0.5 &mgr;m is 6×104 to 6×105/&mgr;l and the number of particles larger than 5 &mgr;m is less than 50/&mgr;l. This ink may be used in combination with a second liquid which contains a water-soluble organic solvent having a solubility parameter of 9 to 11, and/or surfactant, and water. A method of ink jet printing uses the ink or a combination of the ink and the liquid. The ink possesses the characteristics of both optical density and storage stability. The liquid prevents the mixing of colors of adjacent printed images.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical fiber having a sufficient strength, in which not only a core region but also a cladding region contains GeO2, and an optical component including the same. The optical fiber has an outer diameter D; and comprises a core region, a first cladding region surrounding the core region, and a second cladding region surrounding the first cladding region. The core region is a glass region mainly composed of a silica glass material with a GeO2 content of 1 wt % or more. The first cladding region is a glass region, mainly composed of a silica glass material with a GeO2 content of 1 wt % or more, having an outer diameter of 0.80D or more but 0.98D or less. The second cladding region is a glass region mainly composed of a silica glass material with a GeO2 content of less than 0.2 wt %.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube has a panel portion 1 with a phosphor layer 5 formed on its inner face, a neck portion 2 accommodating an electron gun 9, a funnel portion 2 for coupling the panel portion 1 to the neck portion 2 and a color selective electrode assembly 6 having a number of electron beam passing openings arranged opposite to the phosphor layer 5 with a space therebetween. The color selective electrode assembly is installed within the panel portion 1. An electron beam reflection film of a bismuth oxide thin film 6R having a bulk density of at least 1 g/cm3, e.g., from 1 to 9.3 g/cm3, is formed on the face of the color selective electrode assembly 6 against which the electron beams 14 emitted from the electron gun 9 collide. The cathode ray tube is capable of displaying high density and high resolution image.

Abstract: There are provided a washing solution for an ink jet head, the washing solution restoring a print head, which has experienced problems such as clogging, to its normal condition, a method for producing the washing solution, and a washing method. The washing solution comprises 80% by weight or more of water and 1.0% by weight or less of a substance (having a viscosity of 10 mPas or more at 25° C.) and/or a solid substance and has a viscosity between 0.6 and 3.0 mPas at 25° C. and an electroconductivity of 3×10−2 S/m or less at 25° C.

Abstract: There are provided a washing solution for an ink jet head, the washing solution restoring a print head, which has experienced problems such as clogging, to its normal condition, a method for producing the washing solution, and a washing method. The washing solution comprises 80% by weight or more of water and 1.0% by weight or less of a substance (having a viscosity of 10 mPas or more at 25° C.) and/or a solid substance and has a viscosity between 0.6 and 3.0 mPas at 25° C. and an electroconductivity of 3×10−2 S/m or less at 25° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ink for ink jet recording comprising water, a pigment that is self-dispersible-in-water, and a water-soluble organic solvent, wherein said ink for ink jet recording contains a water-soluble organic compound having an S.P. value of 12 or less and a surface tension at 25° C. of less than 40 mN/m in an amount of from 3.0 to 15.0 wt % based on the entire weight of the ink. Also, disclosed are a method for producing the ink and an ink jet recording method by using the ink.

Abstract: The system of the present invention analyzes the content of digital broadcasting, generates an operational procedure for selecting selection items that can be controlled by a remote control, etc., in a prescribed order and instructs a browser to do perform selection operations at specific intervals according to the operational procedure. The browser automatically displays each page of the content at specific intervals according to the instruction, and a user confirms the displayed information.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube has a panel portion 1 with a phosphor layer 5 formed on its inner face, a neck portion 2 accommodating an electron gun 9, a funnel portion 2 for coupling the panel portion 1 to the neck portion 2 and a color selective electrode assembly 6 having a number of electron beam passing openings arranged opposite to the phosphor layer 5 with a space therebetween. The color selective electrode assembly is installed within the panel portion 1. An electron beam reflection film of a bismuth oxide thin film 6R having a bulk density of at least 1 g/cm3, e.g., from 1 to 9.3 g/cm3, is formed on the face of the color selective electrode assembly 6 against which the electron beams 14 emitted from the electron gun 9 collide. The cathode ray tube is capable of displaying high density and high resolution image.

Abstract: A data carrier which can be read from and written to in a non-contact state is embedded in the bottom of tableware, and in which data such as price, etc. are written. When a customer selects dishes or drinks and places the dishes or drinks on a tray, all the data are simultaneously read from the data carriers on the tray, and the total amount of charge is calculated.

Abstract: A recording material is disclosed, comprising a colorless or pale solution containing an electrolyte, a water-soluble organic solvent and water, and an ink containing a pigment, an anionic compound, a water-soluble organic solvent and water, wherein the number of particles of 0.5 &mgr;m or more present in 1 L of the recording material is 1×1011 or more, and the number of particles of 5 &mgr;m or more is 1×109 or more. Also disclosed is an image forming method using the recording material.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ink for ink jet recording comprising water, a water-soluble organic solvent, a pigment and a dispersant, wherein the dispersant has a hydrophilic moiety and a hydrophobic moiety and comprises a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing from 40 to 80 mol % of a monomer having an &agr;,&bgr;-ethylenically unsaturated group constituting the hydrophilic moiety and from 20 to 60 mol % of a monomer having an &agr;,&bgr;-ethylenically unsaturated group constituting the hydrophobic moiety.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube has a panel portion 1 with a phosphor layer 5 formed on its inner face, a neck portion 2 accommodating an electron gun 9, a funnel portion 2 for coupling the panel portion 1 to the neck portion 2 and a color selective electrode assembly 6 having a number of electron beam passing openings arranged opposite to the phosphor layer 5 with a space therebetween. The color selective electrode assembly is installed within the panel portion 1. An electron beam reflection film of a bismuth oxide thin film 6R having a bulk density of at least from 41 g/cm3, to 9.3 g/cm3, e.g., is formed on the face of the color selective electrode assembly 6 against which the electron beams 14 emitted from the electron gun 9 collide. The cathode ray tube is capable of displaying high density and high resolution image.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ink jet recording ink comprising water, an aqueous organic solvent, a surfactant and a self-dispersible pigment, wherein the number average particle diameter of dispersed particles of the pigment is from 15 to 100 nm, given that mv is the volumetric average particle diameter of the dispersed particles of said pigment and mn is the number average diameter of the dispersed particles of said pigment, mv/mn is less than or equal to 3, the number of particles having a particle diameter greater than or equal to 0.5 .mu.m among the dispersed particles of the pigment contained in one liter of the ink is less than or equal to 7.5.times.10.sup.10, the surface tension of the ink is less than or equal to 60 mN/m, the electroconductivity of the ink is from 0.05 to 0.4 S/m and the pH of the ink is from 6 to 11. This ink provides a high storage stability and a uniform image having high water-resistance, resolution, and density can be obtained.