Abstract: An optical selector switch contains an optical waveguide that includes a first optical waveguide portion having a first light-transmissivity, a second optical waveguide portion having a second light-transmissivity, reflecting members that reflect light, and a light-dividing device that reflects and transmits light; at least one light-emitting unit that emits the light toward the first optical waveguide portion of the optical waveguide; and at least one light-receiving unit that receives the light which is incident to the first optical waveguide portion of the optical waveguide from the light-emitting unit, based on a directivity due to an angle of the incident light to the first optical waveguide portion of the optical waveguide, wherein the incident light to the first optical waveguide portion is emitted radially toward the circumference of the second optical waveguide portion of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A method of obtaining directivity in an optical waveguide includes the steps of falling incident light on surface of diffuse reflection members arranged at a center portion of the optical waveguide, generating a first table relative to an amount of emitted light that is acquired at a circumference of the optical waveguide by controlling at least one of an image control factor for changing an image of the incident light and a coordinate control factor for changing coordinates of the incident light with them being changed, and generating a second table relative to a pattern of the light which is incident to the diffuse reflection member by seeking for a combination of the image and the coordinates of the light based on the generated first table.

Abstract: An ? value in a desired shape in a desired position can be rewritten to a desired value in a desired range. ? value rewriting units for rewriting an ? value showing an opaqueness degree of an image are provided. When the desired position comes, an area setting signal is outputted in a desired shape from an area setting signal generating unit. While the area setting signal is being outputted, in the ? value rewriting unit, an ? value of inputted image data is rewritten to a desired value. The rewriting of the ? value can be dynamically realized independent of software. By preparing a quadrangular area calculating unit and a circular area calculating unit as an area setting signal generating unit, a quadrangular area and a circular area can be set by hardware.

Abstract: An &agr; value in a desired shape in a desired position can be rewritten to a desired value in a desired range. &agr; value rewriting units for rewriting an &agr; value showing an opaqueness degree of an image are provided. When the desired position comes, an area setting signal is outputted in a desired shape from an area setting signal generating unit. While the area setting signal is being outputted, in the &agr; value rewriting unit, an &agr; value of inputted image data is rewritten to a desired value. The rewriting of the &agr; value can be dynamically realized independent of software. By preparing a quadrangular area calculating unit and a circular area calculating unit as an area setting signal generating unit, a quadrangular area and a circular area can be set by hardware.