Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the invention has data drive circuits provided along both of two opposite sides of a rectangular display region, and gate drive circuits provided along the other two opposite sides. With the liquid crystal display section, the gate drive circuits are formed severally divided, and each data line group respectively extending from each of the data drive circuits is electrically separated respectively by the severally divided gate drive circuits. Moreover, the liquid crystal display section comprises a color/time division incident optical system arranged so as to sequentially shine light with different chromaticity onto the display region, and a synchronizing section for synchronizing the liquid crystal display section and the color/time division incident optical system under predetermined conditions.

Abstract: A light modulator is comprised of two unit devices each using surface plasmon generated at the interface between thin metal films respectively formed on prisms and an electro-optical material, and a mirror. Both of the transmitted light due to absorption and re-radiation, and the reflected light arising from the unit devices are made into the outgoing light, the incident light on the next unit device, or the incident light on the mirror. Consequently, all light beams can be utilized as the final outgoing light beams with no loss of light. Further, the color of light can be spatially divided, and still further, it can also be temporally divided by changing the wavelength due to a voltage. As a result, the original light can be divided both temporally and spatially with almost no loss by combining two unit devices so configured as to re-radiate the absorbed light by surface plasmon using surface plasmon and a mirror, and thus utilizing both of the reflected light and the transmitted light.

Abstract: A light modulator is comprised of two unit devices each using surface plasmon generated at the interface between thin metal films respectively formed on prisms and an electro-optical material, and a mirror. Both of the transmitted light due to absorption and re-radiation, and the reflected light arising from the unit devices are made into the outgoing light, the incident light on the next unit device, or the incident light on the mirror. Consequently, all light beams can be utilized as the final outgoing light beams with no loss of light. Further, the color of light can be spatially divided, and still further, it can also be temporally divided by changing the wavelength due to a voltage. As a result, the original light can be divided both temporally and spatially with almost no loss by combining two unit devices so configured as to re-radiate the absorbed light by surface plasmon using surface plasmon and a mirror, and thus utilizing both of the reflected light and the transmitted light.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display-device with a high degree of light utilization efficiency (a high numerical aperture), and for which a rapid response is possible at high contrast. A liquid crystal display device incorporating at least one compound with optical activity for which the value of the spontaneous polarization is positive, and at least one compound with optical activity for which the value of the spontaneous polarization is negative, and for which the overall spontaneous polarization may be either positive or negative, is prepared, and is then held between substrates which incorporate electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a wide viewing angle and easily manufactured. The liquid crystal display comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and a liquid crystal material disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The liquid crystal display has a conductive protrusion disposed on the surface of the upper substrate opposing to the lower substrate. The conductive protrusion is disposed over a scanning electrode line or a signal electrode line and has the same potential as that of the upper electrode. As another structure, each of pixel electrodes on the lower substrate has a smaller area than that of a common electrode on the upper substrate and is covered by the common electrode, and each of the pixel electrodes comprises an electrode portion having approximately symmetrical shape.

Abstract: A light modulator is comprised of two unit devices each using surface plasmon generated at the interface between thin metal films respectively formed on prisms and an electro-optical material, and a mirror. Both of the transmitted light due to absorption and re-radiation, and the reflected light arising from the unit devices are made into the outgoing light, the incident light on the next unit device, or the incident light on the mirror. Consequently, all light beams can be utilized as the final outgoing light beams with no loss of light. Further, the color of light can be spatially divided, and still further, it can also be temporally divided by changing the wavelength due to a voltage. As a result, the original light can be divided both temporally and spatially with almost no loss by combining two unit devices so configured as to re-radiate the absorbed light by surface plasmon using surface plasmon and a mirror, and thus utilizing both of the reflected light and the transmitted light.

Abstract: A light modulator is comprised of two unit devices each using surface plasmon generated at the interface between thin metal films respectively formed on prisms and an electro-optical material, and a mirror. Both of the transmitted light due to absorption and re-radiation, and the reflected light arising from the unit devices are made into the outgoing light, the incident light on the next unit device, or the incident light on the mirror. Consequently, all light beams can be utilized as the final outgoing light beams with no loss of light. Further, the color of light can be spatially divided, and still further, it can also be temporally divided by changing the wavelength due to a voltage. As a result, the original light can be divided both temporally and spatially with almost no loss by combining two unit devices so configured as to re-radiate the absorbed light by surface plasmon using surface plasmon and a mirror, and thus utilizing both of the reflected light and the transmitted light.

Abstract: A light modulator is comprised of two unit devices each using surface plasmon generated at the interface between thin metal films respectively formed on prisms and an electro-optical material, and a mirror. Both of the transmitted light due to absorption and re-radiation, and the reflected light arising from the unit devices are made into the outgoing light, the incident light on the next unit device, or the incident light on the mirror. Consequently, all light beams can be utilized as the final outgoing light beams with no loss of light. Further, the color of light can be spatially divided, and still further, it can also be temporally divided by changing the wavelength due to a voltage. As a result, the original light can be divided both temporally and spatially with almost no loss by combining two unit devices so configured as to re-radiate the absorbed light by surface plasmon using surface plasmon and a mirror, and thus utilizing both of the reflected light and the transmitted light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a wide viewing angle and easily manufactured. The liquid crystal display comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and a liquid crystal material disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The liquid crystal display has a conductive protrusion disposed on the surface of the upper substrate opposing to the lower substrate. The conductive protrusion is disposed over a scanning electrode line or a signal electrode line and has the same potential as that of the upper electrode. As another structure, each of pixel electrodes on the lower substrate has a smaller area than that of a common electrode on the upper substrate and is covered by the common electrode, and each of the pixel electrodes comprises an electrode portion having approximately symmetrical shape.

Abstract: A hold LCD unit has an array of pixels including a first group of higher luminance pixels which pass a higher luminance state to a stable luminance state in each field, and a second group of lower luminance pixels which do not pass such a higher luminance state. The average luminance of the first group in each field assumes a desired luminance for each pixel of the first group. The configuration of the LCD unit removes the tail of moving object as observed in the moving picture.

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display device having sharp contrast and excellent viewing angle characteristics is provided without increased complicated processes such as microfabrication for a common electrode or without the necessity for highly sophisticated laminating technology. The multi-domain liquid crystal display device is composed of a control electrode connected to a source terminal being one of terminals of a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) serving as a switching device, a picture electrode having an aperture section provided with one coupling capacitor connected between the pixel electrode and the control electrode, wherein a partial voltage of a signal voltage is applied to the pixel electrode through the other coupling capacitor.

Abstract: Liquid crystal display (LCD) has sub-pixel domains in each of pixels to obtain a wide viewing angle. The sub-pixel domains are formed by divided orientation alignment in which the sub-pixel domain are subjected to rubbing in different directions opposite to each other. The liquid crystal has a splay-type TN deformation structure in the first sub-pixel domain and a normal TN deformation structure in the second sub-pixel domain. The pre-tilt angles of the liquid crystal in the first domain and second domain are selected to obtain a wide viewing angle. The LCD has a shield pattern for for shielding disclination causing afterimages and storage capacitor electrodes having a function as a signal lines.

Abstract: A smectic liquid crystal material which comprises (1) an antiferroelectric liquid crystal material and/or a liquid crystal material ferroelectric phase and (2) a liquid crystal material having a smectic C phase. The smectic liquid crystal material may be used in a liquid crystal optical element having a spontaneous polarization of 0.06 nC/cm2 to 96 nC/cm2. The smectic material has a low spontaneous polarization value and the curve of light transmittance to applied voltage for the smectic material has a V-shaped characteristic.

Abstract: Liquid crystal display (LCD) has sub-pixel domains in each of pixels to obtain a wide viewing angle. The sub-pixel domains are formed by divided orientation alignment in which the sub-pixel domain are subjected to rubbing in different directions opposite to each other. The liquid crystal has a splay-type TN deformation structure in the first sub-pixel domain and a normal TN deformation structure in the second sub-pixel domain. The pre-tilt angles of the liquid crystal in the first domain and second domain are selected to obtain a wide viewing angle. The LCD has a shield pattern for shielding disclination causing afterimages and storage capacitor electrodes having a function as signal lines.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal display device which enables continuous gray-scale display, has a wide viewing angle and readily allows an active-matrix drive. The liquid crystal display device has a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal material having an antiferroelectric phase sandwiched between said pair of substrates, at least one of the substrates undergoing an aligning process. In the liquid crystal display element, a natural helical pitch of the liquid crystal material is smaller than a gap between the substrates, and moreover, smaller than twice a lower-limit wavelength of the wavelength range of light used in the liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device comprising a plurality of layer domains of a liquid crystal material between a first and a second substrate member with two adjacent ones of which domains made to serve as a first layer domain of a first twist angle of liquid crystal orientations and as a second layer domain of a second twist angle of liquid crystal orientations, an angle between the first and the second twist angles is selected between 80.degree. and 100.degree. with the liquid crystal material made to have a chiral pitch between 20 micrometers and 200 micrometers in each of the first and the second layer domains. Preferably, the liquid crystal orientations have a pretilt angle between 0.degree. and 1.50.degree. at an interface between the liquid crystal material layer domains and at least one of the first and the second substrate members.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display, a liquid crystal is in the form of a layered structure between first and second substrates which are spaced apart from and parallel to each other. An intrinsic electric field is applied between the first and second substrates for controlling orientation of liquid crystal molecules, and that at least two electrodes are formed on any of the first and second substrates spaced apart from each other and applied with different voltages so that at least a lateral electric field is generated in parallel to surfaces of the first and second substrates. Planes of the layered structure of the liquid crystal are just or almost vertical to a direction of the lateral electric field.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display has a plurality of pairs of top and bottom pixel electrodes, each of which has a plurality of sub-areas to which different voltages are applied, wherein at least any one of the top and bottom pixel electrodes has an optical compensation layer which has an optically negative uni-axial structure. The liquid crystal display may have a liquid crystal layer which has co-existing different domains differing in the twisted direction and the tilting up direction of the liquid crystal and at least an optical compensation layer having a bi-axial refractive anisotropy between the liquid crystal layer and the polarization plate, wherein the bi-axial refractive anisotropy of the optical compensation layer has three different refractive indexes n.sub.x, n.sub.y, n.sub.z which satisfy the relationship of n.sub.x >n.sub.y >n.sub.z where n.sub.x is the refractive index in a direction parallel to an X-axis parallel to a surface of the optical compensation layer, n.sub.

Abstract: Liquid crystal display (LCD) has sub-pixel domains within each pixel to obtain a wide viewing angle. The sub-pixel domains are formed by divided orientation alignment in which the sub-pixel domain are subjected to rubbing in different directions opposite to each other. The liquid crystal has a splay-type TN deformation structure in the first sub-pixel domain and a normal TN deformation structure in the second sub-pixel domain. The pre-tilt angles of the liquid crystal in the first domain and second domain are selected to obtain a wide viewing angle. The LCD has a shield pattern for for shielding disclination causing afterimages and storage capacitor electrodes having a function as a signal lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel confines liquid crystal between a first orientation film over pixel electrodes and a second orientation film over a common electrode, and differently oriented areas of the first orientation film form boundaries extending over the pixel electrodes and between the pixel electrodes and gate/drain bus lines so as to align electric lines of force in the electric field with directions of liquid crystal molecules on both sides of each boundary, thereby stably controlling a disclination line at a predetermined position outside of open areas over the pixel electrodes.