Abstract: A method of estimating aging of an integrated circuit (IC) includes: obtaining a first process design kit (PDK) including a plurality of first device models corresponding to a plurality of devices provided by a process of fabricating the IC; obtaining values of aging parameters of device instances included in a netlist defining the IC, by performing a first circuit simulation based on the netlist and the first PDK; and obtaining aging data of the IC by performing a second circuit simulation based on the values of the aging parameters and the netlist, wherein each of the plurality of first device models includes at least one measurement command to be executed in the first circuit simulation to calculate an aging parameter.

Abstract: A method of estimating aging of an integrated circuit (IC) includes: obtaining a first process design kit (PDK) including a plurality of first device models corresponding to a plurality of devices provided by a process of fabricating the IC; obtaining values of aging parameters of device instances included in a netlist defining the IC, by performing a first circuit simulation based on the netlist and the first PDK; and obtaining aging data of the IC by performing a second circuit simulation based on the values of the aging parameters and the netlist, wherein each of the plurality of first device models includes at least one measurement command to be executed in the first circuit simulation to calculate an aging parameter.

Abstract: A soft error rate (SER) associated with a design of a semiconductor circuit may be predicted based on implementing a simulation associated with the design. The simulation may include generating a simulation environment based on information indicating the design, performing a particle strike simulation based on the simulation environment to generate charge deposition information, and calculating a collected charge quantity from the charge deposition information. A determination may be made whether the SER predicted based on the collected charge quantity at least meets a threshold. The design may be modified, and the simulation repeated, if the predicted SER value meets a threshold value. A semiconductor circuit may be manufactured based on the design if the predicted SER value is less than the threshold value.

Abstract: Magnetic tunnel junction devices are provided. A magnetic tunnel junction device includes a pinned layer. The magnetic tunnel junction device includes a free layer on the pinned layer. The free layer includes a first layer, a second layer that is on the first layer, and a third layer that is between the first layer and the second layer. A Curie temperature of the third layer is lower than a Curie temperature of the first layer and lower than a Curie temperature of the second layer. Moreover, the magnetic tunnel junction device includes an insulating layer that is between the pinned layer and the free layer. Related magnetoresistive memory devices are also provided.

Abstract: Magnetic tunnel junction devices are provided. A magnetic tunnel junction device includes a pinned layer. The magnetic tunnel junction device includes a free layer on the pinned layer. The free layer includes a first layer, a second layer that is on the first layer, and a third layer that is between the first layer and the second layer. A Curie temperature of the third layer is lower than a Curie temperature of the first layer and lower than a Curie temperature of the second layer. Moreover, the magnetic tunnel junction device includes an insulating layer that is between the pinned layer and the free layer. Related magnetoresistive memory devices are also provided.

Abstract: A soft error rate (SER) associated with a design of a semiconductor circuit may be predicted based on implementing a simulation associated with the design. The simulation may include generating a simulation environment based on information indicating the design, performing a particle strike simulation based on the simulation environment to generate charge deposition information, and calculating a collected charge quantity from the charge deposition information. A determination may be made whether the SER predicted based on the collected charge quantity at least meets a threshold. The design may be modified, and the simulation repeated, if the predicted SER value meets a threshold value. A semiconductor circuit may be manufactured based on the design if the predicted SER value is less than the threshold value.

Abstract: A wiper blade 11 linked to a wiper arm 14 has a blade rubber 16 and a rubber holder 15 with a U-shaped section, wherein the rubber holder 15 is formed shorter in axial length than the blade rubber 16 and surrounds an intermediate portion of the blade rubber 16. Both end portions in a longitudinal direction of the rubber holder 15 are provided with a pair of holding portions 31 and 32, wherein the holding portion 31 has a holding claw 33 engaged with a stopper portion 36 provided in a holding groove 35 of the blade rubber 16 and the holding portion 32 has a holding claw 37 engaged slidably with the holding groove 35 of the blade rubber 16 and the rubber holder 15 is linked to the blade rubber 16 by two position of these holding portions 31 and 32.

Abstract: A connection member that includes right and left side walls; a shaft support portion that is swingably fitted onto a support shaft that is provided at the blade main body; upper and lower pieces that are formed so as to be continuous from the shaft support portion; and projections that come into sliding contact with inner side surfaces at the opening are formed on outer side surfaces of the right and left side walls, wherein: the shaft support portion and the upper piece are integrally formed so as to bridge the right and left side walls, the lower piece is formed so as to be separated from the right and left side walls by a groove, and outward projection amounts of the projections are larger at the lower piece than at the upper piece.

Abstract: A wiper blade 13 comprises a rubber holder 17 attached to a tip of a wiper arm 14 and a blade rubber 16 supported by the rubber holder 17. The rubber holder 17 is formed into a U-shaped cross section, and an intermediate portion of the blade rubber 16 is covered with the rubber holder 17. Also, both sides of the rubber holder 17 are provided with covers 18 in a longitudinal direction in series. Each of the cover 18 becomes rotatable to the rubber holder 17 in a direction perpendicular to a front windshield glass 12, and exposed portions from the rubber holder 17 of the blade rubber 16 are covered with these covers 18 in an elastically deformable state.

Abstract: Rotation of a tip side of a blade holder toward a windshield at or beyond a predetermined angle is regulated with respect to a wiper arm. A convex portion is formed at a portion of the blade holder opposing to an arm mounting member, and a concave portion is formed at a portion of the arm mounting member opposing to the blade holder, whereby engagement of the convex and concave portions admits rotation of a tip side of the wiper blade toward the windshield at or beyond a predetermined angle to be regulated with respect to the wiper arm. By such a structure, since contact between the wiper arm and the wiper blade is prevented, it is suppressed that a coating of the wiper arm or blade holder is peeled off to bring early its rusty, and that damages of both members make their wiping performance easily deteriorate.

Abstract: A connection member that includes right and left side walls; a shaft support portion that is swingably fitted onto a support shaft that is provided at the blade main body; upper and lower pieces that are formed so as to be continuous from the shaft support portion; and projections that come into sliding contact with inner side surfaces at the opening are formed on outer side surfaces of the right and left side walls, wherein: the shaft support portion and the upper piece are integrally formed so as to bridge the right and left side walls, the lower piece is formed so as to be separated from the right and left side walls by a groove, and outward projection amounts of the projections are larger at the lower piece than at the upper piece.

Abstract: Rotation of a tip side of a blade holder toward a windshield at or beyond a predetermined angle is regulated with respect to a wiper arm. A convex portion is formed at a portion of the blade holder opposing to an arm mounting member, and a concave portion is formed at a portion of the arm mounting member opposing to the blade holder, whereby engagement of the convex and concave portions admits rotation of a tip side of the wiper blade toward the windshield at or beyond a predetermined angle to be regulated with respect to the wiper arm. By such a structure, since contact between the wiper arm and the wiper blade is prevented, it is suppressed that a coating of the wiper arm or blade holder is peeled off to bring early its rusty, and that damages of both members make their wiping performance easily deteriorate.

Abstract: A wiper blade 13 comprises a rubber holder 17 attached to a tip of a wiper arm 14 and a blade rubber 16 supported by the rubber holder 17. The rubber holder 17 is formed into a U-shaped cross section, and an intermediate portion of the blade rubber 16 is covered with the rubber holder 17. Also, both sides of the rubber holder 17 are provided with covers 18 in a longitudinal direction in series. Each of the cover 18 becomes rotatable to the rubber holder 17 in a direction perpendicular to a front windshield glass 12, and exposed portions from the rubber holder 17 of the blade rubber 16 are covered with these covers 18 in an elastically deformable state.

Abstract: A wiper blade 11 linked to a wiper arm 14 has a blade rubber 16 and a rubber holder 15 with a U-shaped section, wherein the rubber holder 15 is formed shorter in axial length than the blade rubber 16 and surrounds an intermediate portion of the blade rubber 16. Both end portions in a longitudinal direction of the rubber holder 15 are provided with a pair of holding portions 31 and 32, wherein the holding portion 31 has a holding claw 33 engaged with a stopper portion 36 provided in a holding groove 35 of the blade rubber 16 and the holding portion 32 has a holding claw 37 engaged slidably with the holding groove 35 of the blade rubber 16 and the rubber holder 15 is linked to the blade rubber 16 by two position of these holding portions 31 and 32.

Abstract: A wiper apparatus that decreases the number of tightening means and can efficiently carry out connecting and fixing work with respect to integration of a wiper motor and pivot axes with a pipe member. A linkage piece at the second pivot axis side is arcuately formed so as to match half the outer circumference of a linkage pipe member, a linkage piece at the wiper motor side is formed so as to be arcuate, on the inner circumferential surface of which, an external fitting portion of a pipe member along the outer circumference of the linkage pipe member and an external fitting portion of the linkage piece along the outer circumference of the linkage piece are formed. The respective linkage pieces, that are disposed on the outer circumference of the linkage pipe member, are connected in a laminated manner at the position of the external fitting portion of the linkage pieces.

Abstract: A wiper apparatus that decreases the number of tightening means and can efficiently carry out connecting and fixing work with respect to integration of a wiper motor and pivot axes with a pipe member. A linkage piece at the second pivot axis side is arcuately formed so as to match half the outer circumference of a linkage pipe member, a linkage piece at the wiper motor side is formed so as to be arcuate, on the inner circumferential surface of which, an external fitting portion of a pipe member along the outer circumference of the linkage pipe member and an external fitting portion of the linkage piece along the outer circumference of the linkage piece are formed. The respective linkage pieces, that are disposed on the outer circumference of the linkage pipe member, are connected in a laminated manner at the position of the external fitting portion of the linkage pieces.