Abstract: A solar battery module (5) is provided by forming a solar battery (13) on a surface on one side of an insulating substrate (12) and forming an electrode thin film (11), which is connectable to a reference potential (32) and integrated with the solar battery (13) with an insulating state kept therebetween by the insulating substrate (12), on substantially the entire area of a surface on a side, where the solar battery (13) is not formed, of the insulating substrate (12). The solar battery module (5) is mounted on a portable electronic device (1) with the electrode thin film (11) being connected to the reference potential (32).

Abstract: A housing (16) comprises a first housing (17) and a second housing (18). The first housing (17) is fixed to a gas cylinder (1) and is provided with a cylinder main valve (3) which is manually opened and closed. The second housing (18) is provided with a main stop valve (4) of an electromagnetically opening and closing valve. The second housing (18) is removably fixed to the first housing (17) by a tightening bolt (39). In this state where the second housing (18) is fixed to the first housing (17), the cylinder main valve (3) has a first valve chamber (44) communicated with a second valve chamber (63) of the main stop valve (4).

Abstract: A solar battery module (5) is provided by forming a solar battery (13) on a surface on one side of an insulating substrate (12) and forming an electrode thin film (11), which is connectable to a reference potential (32) and integrated with the solar battery (13) with an insulating state kept therebetween by the insulating substrate (12), on substantially the entire area of a surface on a side, where the solar battery (13) is not formed, of the insulating substrate (12). The solar battery module (5) is mounted on a portable electronic device (1) with the electrode thin film (11) being connected to the reference potential (32).

Abstract: A housing (16) comprises a first housing (17) and a second housing (18). The first housing (17) is fixed to a gas cylinder (1) and is provided with a cylinder main valve (3) which is manually opened and closed. The second housing (18) is provided with a main stop valve (4) of an electromagnetically opening and closing valve. The second housing (18) is removably fixed to the first housing (17) by a tightening bolt (39). In this state where the second housing (18) is fixed to the first housing (17), the cylinder main valve (3) has a first valve chamber (44) communicated with a second valve chamber (63) of the main stop valve (4).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises an .alpha.-form copper phthalocyanine composition, which is obtained by treating a copper tetranitrophthalocyanine and copper phthalocyanine simultaneously to convert the crystalline form into .alpha.-form, and a photoconductive squarylium compound as the photoconductive material, and the ratios of the copper tetranitrophthalocyanine and the squarylium compound to the .alpha.-form copper phthalocyanine composition are limited to a particular range. The photoreceptor has a high photosensitivity and an excellent durability.

Abstract: A method of producing carbon materials having high density and strength, which method includes starting from a calcined product or its classified product having particular properties obtained by calcining a residue after heat treatment, solvent extraction and filtration of coal tar pitch at 250.degree.-500.degree. C. in an inert gas atmosphere, and then molding, firing and graphitizing it.

Abstract: A method of producing a precursor pitch for use in the production of carbon fibers, which comprises hydrogenating a soft or middle tar pitch to obtain a hydrogenated pitch containing no free carbon and high molecular weight components and then subjecting it to a heat treatment. In this method, the hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of tetralin at a temperature of 400.degree.-450.degree. C., and the heat treatment after the removal of solvent insoluble components and solvent is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 450.degree.-500.degree. C. and under a reduced pressure of 0.1-10 Torr.

Abstract: A precursor pitch suitable for production of carbon fiber which is excellent in thermal stability, spinnability, infusibility and is few in impurities, is produced by heating a coal tar pitch at a temperature of 350.degree.-500.degree. C. to form mesophase and extracting the thus heated pitch with a tar series light oil to obtain the precursor pitch.

Abstract: Precursor pitch to be used for formation of carbon fiber is produced by heating a coal tar soft or middle pitch at a temperature of 350.degree.-500.degree. C. at a first stage to form mesophase, extracting the thus treated pitch with a solvent, separating and removing the solvent insoluble portion including mesophase to obtain a pitch containing no free carbon and further at the second stage heat-treating the pitch containing no free carbon in an inert gas atmosphere under atmospheric pressure or a reduced pressure under the following condition600-1.2 T.ltoreq..theta..ltoreq.1,800-3.6 T(provided that 350.ltoreq.T.ltoreq.500)wherein T(.degree.C.) is the temperature of the heat treatment and .theta. (min) is the time for which said temperature is held, to form bulk mesophase pitch containing 20-60% by weight of quinoline insoluble portion.