Abstract: A thin film transistor array substrate including an insulating substrate, a first metallic pattern formed on the insulating substrate, and an insulating film provided on the first metallic pattern. A semiconductor pattern is provided on the insulating film, and a second metallic pattern is provided on the semiconductor pattern. The second metallic pattern is surrounded by the semiconductor pattern.

Abstract: When a transmission station having a voluntary transmission right transmits FINALL FRAME as a TXOP ending frame to HC, the HC transmits an acknowledgement frame ACK after SIFS following the reception of FINAL FRAME. Here, when the transmitting station has detected that no frame transmission is performed over the communication network from any other ESTAs in PIFS after the transmission of FINAL FRAME, FINAL FRAME is retransmitted in DIFS after the transmission of FINAL FRAME. By performing such a communication management, it is possible to accurately manage a voluntary transmission right even when the communication medium has a low reliability in a network in which one network pathway is time-shared by a plurality of communication apparatuses.

Abstract: A semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device is provided with a pixel electrode having in one pixel a reflective electrode reflecting outside light, and a transmissive electrode transmitting light from a back light source, on one of a pair of substrates facing to each other with a liquid crystal film placed in between. The reflective electrode and the transmissive electrode constituting the pixel electrode are formed without having a insulation layer in between. A manufacturing process thereof is simplified by halftone exposure.

Abstract: An IPS liquid crystal displaying apparatus includes: a TFT array substrate, an opposite substrate opposed to the TFT array substrate and liquid crystal interposed between the TFT array substrate and the opposite substrate, wherein the TFT array substrate is composed of a glass substrate, a gate insulating film formed on the glass substrate, a possivation film formed on the gate insulating film, a plurality of scanning lines for transmitting a scanning signal, a plurality of signal lines for transmitting an image signal, a plurality of pixels arranged in grid like pattern by crossing the plurality of scanning lines with the plurality of signal lines, a plurality of TFTs implementing switching operation of the image signal on the basis of the scanning signals, a plurality of driving electrodes connected with the TFT, a plurality of opposite electrodes arranged in such a manner that each of the plurality of opposite electrodes is opposed to each of the driving electrodes, and a plurality of common lines for mutu

Abstract: A fabrication method of a thin film transistor array substrate includes a step of forming a gate insulation film, a semiconductor layer, an ohmic layer, and a metal film on the insulating substrate on which the gate line is formed, a step of forming a resist pattern on the metal film by a photolithography process so that its thickness is thinner on the corresponding section to the semiconductor active layer than on the other sections, a step of etching the metal film to form the source line, the source electrode, and the drain electrode, a step of removing the ohmic layer and the semiconductor layer after removing the resist on the corresponding section to the semiconductor active layer, a step of removing the metal film, and a step of removing the ohmic layer.

Abstract: A high-precision patterning is conducted with a half-tone resist thickness being prevented from different due to the presence/absence of a base film. A transmitting portion and two kinds of semi-transmitting portions providing different quantities of transmitting light are provided in a photomask for exposing a resist, and a smaller-transimitting-light-quantity semi-transmitting portion is used in a base film-present area and a large-transmitting light-quantity semi-transmitting portion is used in a base film-absent area to regulate luminous exposure at exposing, thereby forming uniform-thickness half-tone resist.

Abstract: An IPS liquid crystal displaying apparatus includes: a TFT array substrate, an opposite substrate opposed to the TFT array substrate and liquid crystal interposed between the TFT array substrate and the opposite substrate, wherein the TFT array substrate is composed of a glass substrate, a gate insulating film formed on the glass substrate, a possivation film formed on the gate insulating film, a plurality of scanning lines for transmitting a scanning signal, a plurality of signal lines for transmitting an image signal, a plurality of pixels arranged in grid like pattern by crossing the plurality of scanning lines with the plurality of signal lines, a plurality of TFTs implementing switching operation of the image signal on the basis of the scanning signals, a plurality of driving electrodes connected with the TFT, a plurality of opposite electrodes arranged in such a manner that each of the plurality of opposite electrodes is opposed to each of the driving electrodes, and a plurality of common lines for mutu

Abstract: In the halftone region of a photomask, uniformity in thickness of the photoresist is enhanced. The halftone region of the photomask is arranged such that a transmitting portion and a shielding portion are alternately provided to form a transmitting/shielding pattern. The transmitting portion at the end of the transmitting/shielding pattern has a larger area than the other transmitting portion.

Abstract: A fabrication method of a thin film transistor array substrate includes a step of forming a gate insulation film, a semiconductor layer, an ohmic layer, and a metal film on the insulating substrate on which the gate line is formed, a step of forming a resist pattern on the metal film by a photolithography process so that its thickness is thinner on the corresponding section to the semiconductor active layer than on the other sections, a step of etching the metal film to form the source line, the source electrode, and the drain electrode, a step of removing the ohmic layer and the semiconductor layer after removing the resist on the corresponding section to the semiconductor active layer, a step of removing the metal film, and a step of removing the ohmic layer.

Abstract: A semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device is provided with a pixel electrode having in one pixel a reflective electrode reflecting outside light, and a transmissive electrode transmitting light from a back light source, on one of a pair of substrates facing to each other with a liquid crystal film placed in between. The reflective electrode and the transmissive electrode constituting the pixel electrode are formed without having a insulation layer in between. A manufacturing process thereof is simplified by halftone exposure.

Abstract: An IPS liquid crystal displaying apparatus includes: a TFT array substrate, an opposite substrate opposed to the TFT array substrate and liquid crystal interposed between the TFT array substrate and the opposite substrate, wherein the TFT array substrate is composed of a glass substrate, a gate insulating film formed on the glass substrate, a possivation film formed on the gate insulating film, a plurality of scanning lines for transmitting a scanning signal, a plurality of signal lines for transmitting an image signal, a plurality of pixels arranged in grid like pattern by crossing the plurality of scanning lines with the plurality of signal lines, a plurality of TFTs implementing switching operation of the image signal on the basis of the scanning signals, a plurality of driving electrodes connected with the TFT, a plurality of opposite electrodes arranged in such a manner that each of the plurality of opposite electrodes is opposed to each of the driving electrodes, and a plurality of common lines for mutu

Abstract: A liquid crystal display of the present invention includes: a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent; a liquid crystal layer being interposed between said pair of substrates; electrodes for applying an electric field to liquid crystals molecules in said liquid crystal layer; active switching elements connected with said electrodes; an alignment film being formed on a surface of at least one of said pair of substrates, said surface being contacted with said liquid crystal layer; and an optical device for controlling a transmission of light in cooperation with alignment of said liquid crystal molecules in each pixel, said means being located on at least one said pair of substrates; wherein an aligning direction of each liquid crystal molecule in each pixel is ranged between −2 degrees to +2 degrees with respect to an average aligning direction &thgr;1c of said liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: An IPS liquid crystal displaying apparatus includes: a TFT array substrate, an opposite substrate opposed to the TFT array substrate and liquid crystal interposed between the TFT array substrate and the opposite substrate, wherein the TFT array substrate is composed of a glass substrate, a gate insulating film formed on the glass substrate, a possivation film formed on the gate insulating film, a plurality of scanning lines for transmitting a scanning signal, a plurality of signal lines for transmitting an image signal, a plurality of pixels arranged in grid like pattern by crossing the plurality of scanning lines with the plurality of signal lines, a plurality of TFTs implementing switching operation of the image signal on the basis of the scanning signals, a plurality of driving electrodes connected with the TFT, a plurality of opposite electrodes arranged in such a manner that each of the plurality of opposite electrodes is opposed to each of the driving electrodes, and a plurality of common lines for mutu

Abstract: A liquid crystal displaying apparatus which is high in displaying quantity is provided, wherein the displaying quantity reduction such as flickering, image sticking, ununiformly displaying and so on which is caused due to changes for each exposing region of the &Dgr;Vgd. In the liquid crystal displaying apparatus of the present invention, a plurality of scanning wirings and a plurality of signal wirings, TFTs and pixel electrodes are formed. Storage capacitance for retaining the electric charge is connected with the pixel electrode, another electrode opposite to an electrode for forming the storage capacitance and the drain electrode of the TFT are formed at the same time, an array substrate where another electrode is superposed on the scanning wiring and the signal wiring through the transparent insulating film, and a liquid crystal displaying provided with an counter substrate having a common electrode to be arranged opposite to the pixel electrode.

Abstract: The present invention is a thin film transistor array substrate includes: an insulating substrate; a first metallic pattern formed on said insulting substrate; an insulating film provided on said first metallic pattern; a semiconductor pattern provided on said insulating film; and a second metallic pattern provided on said semiconductor pattern; wherein said second metallic pattern is surrounded by said semiconductor pattern.

Abstract: An IPS liquid crystal displaying apparatus includes: a TFT array substrate, an opposite substrate opposed to the TFT array substrate and liquid crystal interposed between the TFT array substrate and the opposite substrate, wherein the TFT array substrate is composed of a glass substrate, a gate insulating film formed on the glass substrate, a possivation film formed on the gate insulating film, a plurality of scanning lines for transmitting a scanning signal, a plurality of signal lines for transmitting an image signal, a plurality of pixels arranged in grid like pattern by crossing the plurality of scanning lines with the plurality of signal lines, a plurality of TFTs implementing switching operation of the image signal on the basis of the scanning signals, a plurality of driving electrodes connected with the TFT, a plurality of opposite electrodes arranged in such a manner that each of the plurality of opposite electrodes is opposed to each of the driving electrodes, and a plurality of common lines for mutu

Abstract: A liquid crystal display of the present invention includes: a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent; a liquid crystal layer being interposed between said pair of substrates; electrodes for applying an electric field to liquid crystals molecules in said liquid crystal layer; active switching elements connected with said electrodes; an alignment film being formed on a surface of at least one of said pair of substrates, said surface being contacted with said liquid crystal layer; and an optical device for controlling a transmission of light in cooperation with alignment of said liquid crystal molecules in each pixel, said means being located on at least one said pair of substrates; wherein an aligning direction of each liquid crystal molecule in each pixel is ranged between −2 degree to +2 degrees with respect to an average aligning direction &thgr;1c of said liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A thin film transistor of the present invention is composed of a transparent insulating substrate, a gate electrode formed on the transparent insulating substrate, a gate insulating film formed on the transparent insulating substrate including the gate electrode, a semiconductor active layer formed corresponding to the gate electrode through the gate insulating film, a source region and a drain region formed adjacent to the semiconductor active layer, a protective layer formed on the semiconductor active layer and having the side face inclined with respect to the transparent insulating substrate surface, a source electrode and a drain electrode formed respectively on the source region and the drain region, a part of which is extended onto the protective layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal displaying element and a liquid crystal displaying apparatus are provided which are not deteriorated in the liquid crystal by the third conductor and is not reduced in display and reliability. In the liquid displaying element of this invention, when the gate terminal and the gate wiring are connected, of a material superior in corrosion resistance of a first conductor, and a second conductor to be used as a material of the source wiring, and the source terminal and the source wring are connected, a convertor when the first conductor and the second conductor are connected through the third conductor in the connecting portion between the first conductor and the second conductor is a liquid crystal displaying element, and the convertor is positioned covered with the sealing agent in the area were the sealing agent is formed.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion coating material containing, as a film-forming constituent, an aqueous dispersion that can be obtained by contacting with an aqueous medium, a base-neutralized resin reaction product with an acid value of 10 to 30 which can be obtained by reacting a water-soluble epoxy-denatured alkyd resin with an epoxy resin in solid state at ordinary temperature and by adding and polymerizing at least a part of these resins and then neutralizing the resin reaction product with a base.