Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus includes: a plasma processing chamber; a substrate support disposed in the plasma processing chamber and including a lower electrode; a source RF generator coupled to the plasma processing chamber and configured to generate a source RF signal including high states and low states in alternate manner; and a bias DC generator coupled to the lower electrode and configured to generate a bias DC signal including ON states and OFF states in alternate manner. Each ON state includes a plurality of cycles, each cycle including a first sequence of first pulses and a second sequence of second pulses, each first pulse having a first voltage level, and each second pulse having a second voltage level different from the first voltage level.

Abstract: An endoscopic treatment tool includes a tubular portion; a rod that protrudes from a distal end surface of the tubular portion, and has a variable protrusion amount from the distal end surface; a first connection port to which a tool for water supply or suction is connectable; a first distal end opening in a distal end surface of the rod; a first channel that extends in an axial direction of the tubular portion, and has a distal end communicating with the first distal end opening and a proximal end communicating with the first connection port; a second connection port to which the tool is connectable; a second distal end opening in the distal end surface of the tubular portion; and a second channel, and has a distal end communicating with the second distal end opening and a proximal end communicating with the second connection port.

Abstract: Provided is an endoscopic treatment instrument that can maintain a state where the treatment instrument protrudes, by a simple manipulation and that can keep an amount of protrusion of the treatment instrument constant. The endoscopic treatment instrument (1) has an operation unit having: an operation unit body (50) fixed to a cylindrical member; and a slider (60) that is fixed to a linear object and is slidable with respect to the operation unit body (50) in the longitudinal direction. The operation unit is provided with a first stop position and a first stop release position distal to the first stop position, the first stop position being a position where the operation unit body (50) and the slider (60) contact each other as a result of relative movement of the operation unit body (50) and the slider (60).