Abstract: The present invention provides: a palladium-containing supported catalyst which is used for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid from an olefin or an ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde in high selectivity; a method for manufacturing the catalyst; and a method for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid in high selectivity. In particular, the present invention resides in a method for manufacturing a palladium-containing supported catalyst for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid from an olefin or an ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde, comprising the step of reducing palladium oxide contained in a catalyst precursor wherein at least the palladium oxide is supported on a carrier. By using such a palladium-containing supported catalyst, an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid is produced through liquid-phase oxidation of an olefin or an ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde with molecular oxygen.

Abstract: Disclosed is a palladium-containing catalyst which enables to produce an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid in high selectivity from an olefin or an ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde. Also disclosed are a method for producing such a catalyst and a method for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid using such a catalyst. Specifically disclosed is a palladium-containing catalyst containing 0.001 to 0.25 mole of antimony element to 1 mole of palladium element or a palladium-containing catalyst containing palladium element which composes a metal, tellurium element, and bismuth element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a palladium-containing catalyst for producing an ?, ?-unsaturated carboxylic acid from an olefin or an ?, ?-unsaturated aldehyde in high productivity. Also disclosed are a method for producing such a catalyst, and a method for producing an ?, ?-unsaturated carboxylic acid in high productivity. Specifically, a palladium-containing catalyst is produced by a method containing a step in which palladium in an oxidation state is reduced by a compound (A) which is represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: A carbonate spring producing system includes a gas-liquid separator (6) which is connected on the downstream side of a carbonic acid gas dissolver (4). A carbonic acid gas supply means (10) and hot water supply means are connected to the carbonic acid gas dissolver (4). A liquid lead-out pipe (5) is connected to the gas-liquid separator. Preferably an un-dissolved carbonic acid gas lead-out pipe (23) is connected on the upstream sides of the gas-liquid separator (6) and the carbonic acid gas dissolver (4). The un-dissolved carbonic acid gas lead-out pipe (23) includes a control valve (25), a compressor (27), and a liquid level detection means (22). The control valve (25) controls a flow rate of un-dissolved carbonic acid gas from the gas-liquid separator. The liquid level detection means (22) measures a liquid level of the gas-liquid separator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a palladium-containing catalyst which enables to produce an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid in high selectivity from an olefin or an ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde. Also disclosed are a method for producing such a catalyst and a method for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid using such a catalyst. Specifically disclosed is a palladium-containing catalyst containing 0.001 to 0.25 mole of antimony element to 1 mole of palladium element or a palladium-containing catalyst containing palladium element which composes a metal, tellurium element, and bismuth element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a palladium-containing catalyst for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid from an olefin or an ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde in high productivity. Also disclosed are a method for producing such a catalyst, and a method for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid in high productivity. Specifically, a palladium-containing catalyst is produced by a method containing a step in which palladium in an oxidation state is reduced by a compound (A) which is represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: A process for producing carbonated water having a high concentration, inexpensively and easily, involves using a static mixer having 20 to 100 elements so as to provide a value Re×N of 100,000 to 2,000,000, in with Re represents a Reynolds number, when a mixture of water and carbonic acid gas flow in the static mixer.

Abstract: This invention concerns an apparatus and a method for producing carbonated water capable of obtaining high concentration carbonated water effectively. Carbon dioxide gas is passed through a first carbon dioxide gas dissolver composed of a membrane module to be dissolved in water and the carbonated water passing through the first carbon dioxide gas dissolver is passed through a static mixer, which is a second carbon dioxide gas dissolver. Consequently, a high concentration carbonated water can be obtained remarkably, effectively and easily with a simpler structure than conventionally.

Abstract: This invention concerns an apparatus and a method for producing carbonated water capable of obtaining high concentration carbonated water effectively. Carbon dioxide gas is passed through a first carbon dioxide gas dissolver composed of a membrane module to be dissolved in water and the carbonated water passing through the first carbon dioxide gas dissolver is passed through a static mixer, which is a second carbon dioxide gas dissolver. Consequently, a high concentration carbonated water can be obtained remarkably, effectively and easily with a simpler structure than conventionally.

Abstract: Disclosed is a palladium-containing catalyst which enables to produce an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid in high selectivity from an olefin or an ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde. Also disclosed are a method for producing such a catalyst and a method for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid using such a catalyst. Specifically disclosed is a palladium-containing catalyst containing 0.001 to 0.25 mole of antimony element to 1 mole of palladium element or a palladium-containing catalyst containing palladium element which composes a metal, tellurium element, and bismuth element.

Abstract: A process for producing carbonated water having a high concentration, inexpensively and easily, involves using a static mixer having 20 to 100 elements so as to provide a value Re×N of 100,000 to 2,000,000, in with Re represents a Reynolds number, when a mixture of water and carbonic acid gas flow in the static mixer.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a palladium-containing supported catalyst which is used for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid from an olefin or an ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde in high selectivity; a method for manufacturing the catalyst; and a method for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid in high selectivity. In particular, the present invention resides in a method for manufacturing a palladium-containing supported catalyst for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid from an olefin or an ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde, comprising the step of reducing palladium oxide contained in a catalyst precursor wherein at least the palladium oxide is supported on a carrier. By using such a palladium-containing supported catalyst, an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid is produced through liquid-phase oxidation of an olefin or an ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde with molecular oxygen.

Abstract: Hot water is pumped by a suction pump and introduced into a carbon dioxide (CO2) gas dissolver through solution flow rate adjusting means and then poured into a bath. The CO2 is introduced into the CO2 gas dissolver through gas flow rate adjusting means, and the quantity of bubbles in an artificial carbonated spring in a take-out pipe is measured. The solution and gas flow rate adjusting means are controlled via a control device using a relationship expression between a preliminarily set quantity of bubbles and carbon dioxide concentration to obtain a desired concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the carbonated spring. Since the carbon dioxide gas flow control means is provided between the carbon dioxide gas dissolver and a carbon dioxide gas supply source, a high concentration carbonated spring can always be manufactured, even if the pressure of supplied carbon dioxide gas changes or membrane permeation changes.

Abstract: This invention concerns an apparatus and a method for producing carbonated water capable of obtaining high concentration carbonated water effectively. Carbon dioxide gas is passed through a first carbon dioxide gas dissolver (7) composed of a membrane module to be dissolved in water and the carbonated water passing through the first carbon dioxide gas dissolver (7) is passed through a static mixer (13), which is a second carbon dioxide gas dissolver. Consequently, a high concentration carbonated water can be obtained remarkably, effectively and easily with a simpler structure than conventionally.

Abstract: Hot water (12) in a bath (11) is pumped up by a suction pump (9) and introduced into a carbon dioxide gas dissolver (7) through solution flow rate adjusting means (14) and then, poured into the bath (11). Carbon dioxide gas supplied from a carbon dioxide gas cylinder (1) is introduced into the carbon dioxide gas dissolver (7) through gas flow rate adjusting means (5). At this time, the quantity of bubbles existing in artificial carbonated spring in a take-out pipe (15) is measured with a measuring device (13), and the solution flow rate adjusting means (14), gas flow rate adjusting means (5) and the like are controlled by means of a control device (16) using a relational expression between a preliminarily set quantity of bubbles and carbon dioxide concentration to obtain a desired concentration of carbon dioxide gas in carbonated spring.

Abstract: A process for producing carbonated water having a high concentration, inexpensively and easily, involves using a static mixer having 20 to 100 elements so as to provide a value Re×N of 100,000 to 2,000,000, in with Re represents a Reynolds number, when a mixture of water and carbonic acid gas flow in the static mixer.

Abstract: Hot water (12) in a bath (11) is pumped up by a suction pump (9) and introduced into a carbon dioxide gas dissolver (7) through solution flow rate adjusting means (14) and then, poured into the bath (11). Carbon dioxide gas supplied from a carbon dioxide gas cylinder (1) is introduced into the carbon dioxide gas dissolver (7) through gas flow rate adjusting means (5). At this time, the quantity of bubbles existing in artificial carbonated spring in a take-out pipe (15) is measured with a measuring device (13), and the solution flow rate adjusting means (14), gas flow rate adjusting means (5) and the like are controlled by means of a control device (16) using a relational expression between a preliminarily set quantity of bubbles and carbon dioxide concentration to obtain a desired concentration of carbon dioxide gas in carbonated spring.

Abstract: Hot water (12) in a bath (11) is pumped up by a suction pump (9) and introduced into a carbon dioxide gas dissolver (7) through solution flow rate adjusting means (14) and then, poured into the bath (11). Carbon dioxide gas supplied from a carbon dioxide gas cylinder (1) is introduced into the carbon dioxide gas dissolver (7) through gas flow rate adjusting means (5). At this time, the quantity of bubbles existing in artificial carbonated spring in a take-out pipe (15) is measured with a measuring device (13), and the solution flow rate adjusting means (14), gas flow rate adjusting means (5) and the like are controlled by means of a control device (16) using a relational expression between a preliminarily set quantity of bubbles and carbon dioxide concentration to obtain a desired concentration of carbon dioxide gas in carbonated spring.

Abstract: Hot water (12) in a bath (11) is pumped up by a suction pump (9) and introduced into a carbon dioxide gas dissolver (7) through solution flow rate adjusting means (14) and then, poured into the bath (11). Carbon dioxide gas supplied from a carbon dioxide gas cylinder (1) is introduced into the carbon dioxide gas dissolver (7) through gas flow rate adjusting means (5). At this time, the quantity of bubbles existing in artificial carbonated spring in a take-out pipe (15) is measured with a measuring device (13), and the solution flow rate adjusting means (14), gas flow rate adjusting means (5) and the like are controlled by means of a control device (16) using a relational expression between a preliminarily set quantity of bubbles and carbon dioxide concentration to obtain a desired concentration of carbon dioxide gas in carbonated spring.

Abstract: A carbonate spring producing system includes a gas-liquid separator (6) which is connected on the downstream side of a carbonic acid gas dissolver (4). A carbonic acid gas supply means (10) and hot water supply means are connected to the carbonic acid gas dissolver (4). A liquid lead-out pipe (5) is connected to the gas-liquid separator. Preferably an un-dissolved carbonic acid gas lead-out pipe (23) is connected on the upstream sides of the gas-liquid separator (6) and the carbonic acid gas dissolver (4). The un-dissolved carbonic acid gas lead-out pipe (23) includes a control valve (25), a compressor (27), and a liquid level detection means (22). The control valve (25) controls a flow rate of un-dissolved carbonic acid gas from the gas-liquid separator. The liquid level detection means (22) measures a liquid level of the gas-liquid separator.