Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed in which ammonia may be recovered efficiently from wastewater through the application of the mass-transfer reaction kinetic model. The recovery process may involve the stripping of NH3 from wastewater by aeration and the absorption of this stripped NH3 gas into a recovery solution by utilizing stoichiometric acid-base reactions and the operating parameters optimized by the model which facilitate both processes. Another step may be performed in which saturated solution comprising the recovered NH3 may be further evaporated and liquefy to produce a pure bioammonia product. Applying the mass-transfer reaction kinetic to the recovery can not only enhance the NH3 removal and recovery yield but also increase the NH3 removal and recovery rate. Numerous operating parameters can be adjusted to maximize the recovery yield and recovery rate.

Abstract: It is desired to develop a method of producing hydrogen peroxide, which is capable of producing hydrogen peroxide with high production efficiency. According to the present invention, provided is a palladium-containing composition comprising palladium particles and a coating agent that coats the surface of the palladium particles, wherein a compound having an O?X structure (wherein X represents any of a phosphorus atom, a sulfur atom, and a carbon atom) is comprised as the coating agent.

Abstract: It is desired to develop a method of producing hydrogen peroxide, which is capable of producing hydrogen peroxide with high production efficiency. According to the present invention, provided is a palladium-containing composition comprising palladium particles and a coating agent that coats the surface of the palladium particles, wherein a compound having an O?X structure (wherein X represents any of a phosphorus atom, a sulfur atom, and a carbon atom) is comprised as the coating agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for recovering effective resources including nitrogen and phosphorus. According to one aspect of the present embodiment, provided are an apparatus and a method for recovering effective resources, which efficiently recover resources such as methane, nitrogen, and phosphorus while minimizing the use of chemicals.

Abstract: It is desired to develop a method of producing hydrogen peroxide, which is capable of producing hydrogen peroxide with high production efficiency. According to the present invention, provided is a palladium-containing composition comprising palladium particles and a coating agent that coats the surface of the palladium particles, wherein a compound having an O?X structure (wherein X represents any of a phosphorus atom, a sulfur atom, and a carbon atom) is comprised as the coating agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for recovering effective resources including nitrogen and phosphorus. According to one aspect of the present embodiment, provided are an apparatus and a method for recovering effective resources, which efficiently recover resources such as methane, nitrogen, and phosphorus while minimizing the use of chemicals.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of keratin extraction and recovery from keratinous animal body parts (KABP) including, but not limited to, hair, wool, nails, skins, feathers, hooves, claws and other body parts. More specifically, the invention relates to processes to extract keratin from KABP and hydrolyze it to keratin hydrolysates (KHs) using a thermal hydrolysis process (THP) and recover KHs by membrane filtration, in particular, using shear wave-induced ultra- or nano-membrane filtration (SWIUF) or a combination of SWIUF and reverse osmosis (RO), to select given molecular weight (MW) fractions of the protein or KHs or/and to increase the concentration of protein or KHs.

Abstract: Provided is a method of treating wastewater, which can treat wastewater, particularly organic wastewater while saving labor and decreasing the environmental impact by improving deterioration in the purification performance due to clogging of the filter bed, which is regarded as a problem when purifying wastewater, particularly organic wastewater having high SS concentration, BOD, and COD by a constructed wetland and by decreasing increases in the area and the number of stages of wetland required due to an increase in the BOD and COD load. A method of treating wastewater provided comprises: an aggregate floc forming step of forming an aggregate floc by adding a polymer flocculant to wastewater; a solid-liquid separation step of obtaining separated water by solid-liquid separation of the aggregate floc; and a purification step of purifying the separated water by using a constructed wetland.

Abstract: For use in a DMFC, a proton-conducting membrane containing a proton-conducting host polymer and a functionalized fullerene having one or more proton accepting or proton donating functional groups selected from: >C[PO(OH)2]2; —PO(OH)2; —OH; —SO3H; —NH2; —CN; —HOSO3H; —COOH; —OPO(OH)2; and —OSO3 or a combination of two or more of these groups attached to the fullerene.

Abstract: The components of and a proton conducting membrane (PCM) produced from a host polymer and an attached or physically blended in hydrogen cyano fullerene proton-source agent, with the physical blending of the host polymer and hydrogen cyano fullerene further promoted by a poly(ethylene oxide) attached fullerene mixing agent.

Abstract: The components of and a proton conducting membrane (PCM) produced from a host polymer and an attached or physically blended in hydrogen cyano fullerene proton-source agent, with the physical blending of the host polymer and hydrogen cyano fullerene further promoted by a poly(ethylene oxide) attached fullerene mixing agent.

Abstract: Pegylated fullerenes, for use with a lithium ion battery as a solvent-free electrolyte, having the formula {[CH3-(PEO)]m-LINKER}n-fullerene, with n?1, m?1 to 5, and the LINKER group comprising a moiety capable of attaching each of the CH3-(PEO)-chains to the fullerene.

Abstract: A proton conducting membrane for use in a direct methanol fuel cell, comprising a polymer material and water-binding fullerene derivatives to reduce MeOH crossover. The membrane may further comprise cross-linking functional groups.

Abstract: A membrane/film casting method for fabricating composite membranes/films, and the produced composite membranes/films thereby fabricated, from a host polymer and a fullerene, often with the mixing of the host polymer and fullerene further promoted by a poly(ethylene oxide) attached fullerene mixing agent.

Abstract: An organic-inorganic hydrophilic polymer-oxide hybrid proton conducting membrane (PCM) is produced from a host organic polymer, a filler inorganic oxide, and a proton-source with a pKa less than about 5. Usually, the subject invention comprises PCMs containing host polymer-x-strong acid-y-filler oxide, wherein x is between about 1 and about 10 (with “x” as the molar ratio of acid anion to polymer repeat unit) and y?about 50% (with “y” the weight percentage of filler oxide in the composite).

Abstract: The components of and a proton conducting membrane (PCM) produced from a host polymer and an attached or physically blended in hydrogen cyano fullerene proton-source agent, with the physical blending of the host polymer and hydrogen cyano fullerene further promoted by a poly(ethylene oxide) attached fullerene mixing agent.

Abstract: An organic-inorganic hydrophilic polymer-oxide hybrid proton conducting membrane (PCM) is produced from a host organic polymer, a filler inorganic oxide, and a proton-source with a pKa less than about 5. Usually, the subject invention comprises PCMs containing host polymer-x-strong acid-y-filler oxide, wherein x is between about 1 and about 10 (with “x” as the molar ratio of acid anion to polymer repeat unit) and y? about 50% (with “y” the weight percentage of filler oxide in the composite).

Abstract: Fullerene materials are incorporated in minor amounts into various polymeric materials to enhance the low relative humidity proton conductivity properties of the polymeric material. The resulting proton conductors may be used as polymer electrolyte membranes in fuel cells operative over a wide range of relative humidity conditions and over a wide range of temperatures from below room temperature to above the boiling point of water.

Abstract: Proton conductive fullerene materials are incorporated in minor amounts into various polymeric materials to enhance the low relative humidity proton conductivity properties of the polymeric material. The resulting proton conductors may be used as polymer electrolyte membranes in fuel cells operative over a wide range of relative humidity conditions and over a wide range of temperatures from below room temperature to above the boiling point of water.

Abstract: Proton conductive fullerene materials are incorporated in minor amounts into various polymeric materials to enhance the low relative humidity proton conductivity properties of the polymeric material. The resulting proton conductors may be used as polymer electrolyte membranes in fuel cells operative over a wide range of relative humidity conditions and over a wide range of temperatures from below room temperature to above the boiling point of water.