Abstract: There are provided a vehicle-body frame member forming an opening portion for entrance at a vehicle side part and a front side door provided so as to open and close the opening portion. The vehicle-body frame member comprises a side sill, the front side door comprises a door panel portion provided with an inner lower portion which overlaps with the side sill in a vehicle wide view and reinforcement portions provided at three side-portions of a peripheral part of the door panel portion which are continuous and include the inner lower portion such that the reinforcement portions overlap with the vehicle-body frame member in a vehicle side view.

Abstract: A vehicle-body structure of a vehicle comprises a vehicle-body frame member forming an opening portion for entrance at a vehicle side part and a front side door provided so as to open and close the opening portion, wherein the front side door comprises a door panel portion and reinforcement portions provided at a peripheral part of the door panel portion such that the reinforcement portions overlap with the vehicle-body frame member in a vehicle side view, the reinforcement portions being made of a plate member.

Abstract: A vehicle-body structure of a vehicle comprises a front side door provided so as to open and close an opening portion for entrance which is formed by a vehicle-body frame member. The front side door comprises a door panel portion and reinforcement portions provided at a peripheral part of the door panel portion such that at least part of the reinforcement portions overlaps with the vehicle-body frame member in a vehicle side view, the reinforcement portions being configured to reinforce the door panel portion such that when a collision load is inputted to the front side door in a vehicle side collision, a connection state of the door panel portion and the vehicle-body frame member is maintained.

Abstract: A vehicle-body structure of a vehicle comprises a vehicle-body frame member forming an opening portion for entrance at a vehicle side part and a front side door provided so as to open and close the opening portion, wherein the front side door comprises a door panel portion and reinforcement portions provided at a peripheral part of the door panel portion such that the reinforcement portions overlap with the vehicle-body frame member in a vehicle side view, the reinforcement portions being made of a plate member.

Abstract: A vehicle-body structure of a vehicle comprises a front side door provided so as to open and close an opening portion for entrance which is formed by a vehicle-body frame member. The front side door comprises a door panel portion and reinforcement portions provided at a peripheral part of the door panel portion such that at least part of the reinforcement portions overlaps with the vehicle-body frame member in a vehicle side view, the reinforcement portions being configured to reinforce the door panel portion such that when a collision load is inputted to the front side door in a vehicle side collision, a connection state of the door panel portion and the vehicle-body frame member is maintained.

Abstract: There are provided a vehicle-body frame member forming an opening portion for entrance at a vehicle side part and a front side door provided so as to open and close the opening portion. The vehicle-body frame member comprises a side sill, the front side door comprises a door panel portion provided with an inner lower portion which overlaps with the side sill in a vehicle wide view and reinforcement portions provided at three side-portions of a peripheral part of the door panel portion which are continuous and include the inner lower portion such that the reinforcement portions overlap with the vehicle-body frame member in a vehicle side view.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas purification device disposition structure of a vehicle, comprises a fuel tank with a fuel supply port which is disposed so as to be open to an outside of a vehicle compartment, and a urea tank to accommodate urea water solution as deoxidizer to purify exhaust gas. The urea tank is disposed outside the vehicle compartment, and a pouring port of the urea tank is provided inside the vehicle compartment. Accordingly, the urea water solution can be surely prevented from entering into the vehicle compartment even in case of the breakage of the urea tank, and the mistake of supplying the wrong liquid into the wrong supply (pouring) port tank which may be made by confusing the ports can be avoided.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas purification device disposition structure of a vehicle, comprises a fuel tank with a fuel supply port which is disposed so as to be open to an outside of a vehicle compartment, and a urea tank to accommodate urea water solution as deoxidizer to purify exhaust gas. The urea tank is disposed outside the vehicle compartment, and a pouring port of the urea tank is provided inside the vehicle compartment. Accordingly, the urea water solution can be surely prevented from entering into the vehicle compartment even in case of the breakage of the urea tank, and the mistake of supplying the wrong liquid into the wrong supply (pouring) port tank which may be made by confusing the ports can be avoided.

Abstract: A communication system capable of more reliably collecting monitoring results of monitoring modules of end terminals and repeaters by a monitoring terminal is provided. A monitoring terminal 45 transmits a monitoring result request signal S46a designating an optical transmission line 10 as a response route via an optical transmission line 11 to a repeater 42, while a monitoring module 44 of the repeater 42 transmits a monitoring result response signal S47a indicating the monitoring result via the optical transmission line 10 to the monitoring terminal 45. In this case, due to disconnection, the monitoring terminal 45 does not receive the monitoring result response signal S47a. Next, the monitoring terminal 45 transmits the monitoring result request signal S46a designating the optical transmission line 11 as the response route via the optical transmission line 11 to the repeater 42.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing an optical component, having the steps of forming a first position aligning pattern on a surface of a substrate, forming a second position aligning recess-projection pattern conforming with the first position aligning pattern and a third position aligning recess-projection pattern having a predetermined positional relationship with the second position aligning recess-projection pattern, and applying a predetermined processing with the third position aligning recess-projection pattern used as a reference under a predetermined positional relationship with the first position aligning pattern.

Abstract: A waveguide type optical component, as an optical coupler/splitter, is provided, which is capable of reducing the dependence of the efficiency of optical coupling between optical waveguides on wavelength and of permitting reduction in size. The optical component has a first optical coupling section (A) including optical waveguides (A1, A2) sharing the same propagation constant, a second optical coupling section (B) including optical waveguides (B1, B2) having different propagation constants, and a third optical coupling section (A') including optical waveguides (A'1, A'2) sharing the same propagation constant. Associated ones of the optical waveguides (A1, B1, A'1; A2, B2, A'2) are connected in series with each other.

Abstract: This invention describes a method of manufacturing silica waveguide optical components in which silica glass films are laminated on a substrate by repeating a unit operation in which a sol material, a precursor of glass particles, is coated and then the coated layer is heated in an oxygen atmosphere. wherein the heating temperature is controlled in such a manner that the radius of curvature of warping of the substrate is 2 m or more after the coated layer is heated, thereby preventing cracking in the formed silica glass film and/or peeling of the coated layer. At locations where a difference in height is present, at least when sol is coated first time, the thickness of the coated layer is less than that of one of the subsequent coated layers.

Abstract: A method of connecting an optical fiber to a planar optical waveguide is provided in which an end face of a waveguide chip in which planar optical waveguides are formed is abutted against an end face of a fiber aligning jig on which optical fibers are arranged, to thereby connect the optical fiber to the corresponding planar optical waveguide. At least one marker is formed in each of the waveguide chip and the fiber aligning jig, and also at least one pin guide groove is formed in each of the waveguide chip and the fiber aligning jig, using the marker as a reference mark. The markers of the waveguide chip and the fiber aligning jig are aligned with each other along optical axes of the planar optical waveguides when the waveguide chip and the fiber aligning jig are abutted against each other. Further, fiber guide grooves are formed in the fiber aligning jig, using the marker as a reference mark.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing waveguide-type optical components featuring a lower propagation loss at low cost in which a lower clad section (2) made of silica glass is formed on a substrate (1), and an antistatic layer and a mask layer having a desired pattern are formed on the surface of the lower clad section (2) in the order they are listed. Then, an electron beam is irradiated from above the mask layer to produce a core (6) of the desired pattern in the lower clad section (2), the mask layer and the antistatic layer are removed to expose the surface of the lower clad section (2), and an upper clad section (7) having a lower refractive index than the core (6) is formed on the exposed surface of the lower clad section (2), thus producing an optical component. The surface of the whole optical component is at a distance from the core; therefore, the scattering loss caused by minute irregularities on the surface of the optical component is reduced.

Abstract: An optical switch includes at least one input optical semi-conductor waveguide. Two output optical semiconductor waveguides are connected at a branch point to the input optical waveguide, and diverge from the branch point with a preset angle .theta. (degree) between them. A refractive index controlling portion is located on at least one of the output optical waveguides and away from the branch point. The refractive index controlling portion effects a light mode cut-off by electromagnetically causing a reduction of the refractive index of the associated output optical waveguide.

Abstract: An optical switch includes at least one input optical semi-conductor waveguide. Two output optical semiconductor waveguides are connected at a branch point to the input optical waveguide, and diverge from the branch point with a preset angle .theta. (degree) between them. A refractive index controlling portion is located on at least one of the output optical waveguides and away from the branch point. The refractive index controlling portion effects a light mode cut-off by electromagnetically causing a reduction of the refractive index of the associated output optical waveguide.