Abstract: The present invention provides removing agents comprising a solid substance with a weakly acidic or weakly alkaline surface. Since the removing agents can be used for treating body fluid of a patient by, for example, extra-corporeal circulation system thereby effectively removing human immunodeficiency virus and/or its related compounds contained in the body fluid, it is expected that the life of the patient could be prolonged. The significance of the present invention therefore is great.

Abstract: A rotating shaft of a turbocharger is supported by two rolling bearings enclosed in a bearing housing. Two collar members are interposed between the housing and bearings for supporting the bearings in the housing. A U-shaped preloading member is interposed between the two collar members in such a manner that the U-shaped member forms an oil chamber therein. The U-shaped member receives a pressure of a lubricating oil supplied to the oil chamber from an engine, and expands to puch the rolling bearings through the collar members with a greater force when the engine speed is high, and therefore, the oil pressure is high.

Abstract: A system for cooling the air forcibly supplied to an engine in which a turbocharger is provided. The supply air is cooled by a cooler system used for cooling the passenger compartment, before the air is pressurized by an air-supply blower, when the engine load rises beyond a predetermined value. The cooling system according to the present invention comprises a cooling fin unit disposed within the intake duct upstream from the air-supply blower, an electromagnetic valve for circulating a refrigerant into the cooling fin unit, and a control unit for opening the electromagnetic valve when the engine load rises, in addition to a conventional cooler system for cooling the passenger compartment.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold for a four-cylinder in-line internal combustion engine provided with a turbocharger is disclosed wherein a first exhaust duct and a second exhaust duct are connected to an upper exhaust gas outlet of a turbocharger-mounting flange roughly symmetrically with respect to the center of the turbocharger installing flange. A single third exhaust duct is connected to the lower exhaust gas outlet of the turbocharger-mounting flange. In the exhaust manifold according to the present invention, it is possible to effectively utilize cyclic exhaust gas pressure variation to induce exhaust gas pressure resonance for boosting turbocharger performance.

Abstract: A diaphragm actuator is operated by the pressure difference between a pressure chamber and a negative pressure chamber, and causes an operating shaft to slide through a wall portion of the negative pressure chamber. When the pressure in the negative pressure chamber is highly negative, ambient air leaks along a shaft seal and flows through the negative pressure chamber into a suction manifold of an engine, resulting in fluctuation of the air-fuel ratio. According to the present invention, the shaft seal includes a sealing diaphragm mounted on the wall portion, which supports a movable annular member. This annular member has a tapered surface by which an O-ring is compressed axially and radially inwardly against the operating shaft. The compression force applied to the O-ring increases as the negative pressure in the negative pressure chamber becomes higher.

Abstract: In an intake system for an internal combustion engine having a supercharger, there are provided a first air passage and a second air passage each for conducting air from the supercharger to the engine. An air cooler is disposed in the first air passage to supply the engine with cooled air, but the second air passage leads air directly from the supercharger to the engine without cooling the air. The air flow rates in the first and the second air passages are controlled by suitable control means to supply the engine with intake air of an appropriate temperature. The control means is intended to restrict the air flow in the first air passage at low engine load to prevent the intake air from being cooled excessively. Preferably the control means is a throttle valve device which comprises a primary throttle valve disposed in a primary throttle bore communicating with the second air passage, and a secondary throttle valve disposed in a secondary throttle bore communicating with the first air passage.

Abstract: In an engine system including an internal combustion engine and an exhaust turbine supercharger, a valve stop mechanism is provided to stop the throttle valve of the engine in an angular position anterior to the idle position thereof when the throttle valve is suddenly moved toward the idle position in the presence of an air pressure higher than a predetermined value in the air induction passageway of the engine downstream of the compressor unit of the supercharger and upstream of the throttle valve of the engine so as to preclude production of pressure surges in exhaust turbine supercharger.

Abstract: A bearing structure for supporting a shaft in a body is disclosed in which a floating bush is fitted over the shaft and the bush is supported in a cylindrical bearing which is fitted fixedly in the body. Lubricant is supplied to the outside of the cylindrical bearing to a clearance between it and the body, and flows through passages in the bearing to a clearance between the bearing and the bush, where it flows through passages in the bush to the clearance between the bush and the shaft. The passages in the bush are radial, whereas the passages in the bearing are preferably inclined at about 45.degree. to the radii, and extend outward in the opposite direction to the normal direction of rotation of the shaft. The number n of passages in the bush is larger than the number m of passages in the bearing; both of these numbers are even; and the angle subtended at the central axis of the shaft by the opening at the inner end of the passages in the bearing is approximately 360.degree./m-360.degree./n.

Abstract: A by-pass valve apparatus for an exhaust turbocharger for an internal combustion engine is disclosed; the by-pass valve opening is controlled by the total pressure of air flow at the impleller outlet of a compressor of the turbocharger, in place of using the suction conduit static pressure of conventional apparatus.

Abstract: A diaphragm type actuator with a breakage condition detecting function which comprises a diaphragm member partitioning a casing into a first chamber filled with a high pressure and a second chamber exposed to air, and a breakage detecting switch supported by a displaceable partitioning member, such as, bellows, provided on the inner wall of the first chamber so as to define a third chamber filled with a high pressure, whereby if there occurs breakage in the diaphragm, the breakage detecting switch mounted on the bellows moves towards the diaphragm member to become in contact with an actuating rod supported by the diaphragm member to detect the breakage in the diaphragm member.