Abstract: A method of measuring temperature and velocity of a fluid flow passing through a device of a plant includes the step of positioning at least two sensors in the device. For each sensor, a traveling path for an acoustic signal received from another sensor is determined. Each sensor emits an acoustic signal at a frequency that differs from a frequency of an acoustic signal to be emitted by the other sensor(s) in the fluid flow. A velocity profile and temperature profile for the fluid flow based on the acoustic signals received by the sensors is determined. A measurement system can include sensors and a computer device that can determine a velocity profile and temperature profile for a fluid flow passing through a device based on the acoustic signals received by the sensors. A plant can be configured to implement the method or include an embodiment of the measurement system.

Abstract: The temperature sensor includes a light pipe and a cap configured to be positioned within a flow path of a fluid. The cap includes a material configured to emit radiation based on a temperature of the material. A light source is configured to emit light through the light pipe toward the cap, and a detector is configured to receive the radiation emitted by the material of the cap and to generate a first signal based on the received radiation emitted by the material. The detector is configured to generate a second signal indicative of a light-induced delta temperature caused by the light emitted toward the inner surface of the cap. The system also includes a controller configured to determine a condition of the temperature sensor based on the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: A boroscope sheath is disclosed for providing a boroscope with temperature protection during a boroscope inspection of a machine such as a gas turbine or a steam turbine. The boroscope sheath includes an elongate tube having a wall extending from a front end to a back end and around a central bore configured and arranged to allow removable insertion of a boroscope cooling channels extend in the wall. The boroscope sheath can be held in a first position relative to the machine when the machine is in use and moved to a second position relative to machine for inspection. Part of the boroscope sheath remain in the machine during use of the machine.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining a local hot gas temperature in a hot gas duct downstream a combustion device. The method comprises extracting at least one flue gas sample at least one specific cross-sectional location of the hot gas duct downstream the combustion device, determining at least one flue gas species concentration in the sample, and determining the local flue gas total temperature based upon the at least one flue gas species concentration In an embodiment, the method is conducted at the entry to an expansion turbine of a gas turbine engine. At least one vane member is provided in the guide vane row which comprises an airfoil, wherein at least one sample extraction orifice is provided on an outer surface of the airfoil, and a sample duct is provided in fluid communication with the sample extraction orifice and running inside the airfoil. The flue gas samples are extracted through the sample extraction orifices.

Abstract: The temperature sensor includes a light pipe and a cap configured to be positioned within a flow path of a fluid. The cap includes a material configured to emit radiation based on a temperature of the material. A light source is configured to emit light through the light pipe toward the cap, and a detector is configured to receive the radiation emitted by the material of the cap and to generate a first signal based on the received radiation emitted by the material. The detector is configured to generate a second signal indicative of a light-induced delta temperature caused by the light emitted toward the inner surface of the cap. The system also includes a controller configured to determine a condition of the temperature sensor based on the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: A method of measuring temperature and velocity of a fluid flow passing through a device of a plant includes the step of positioning at least two sensors in the device. For each sensor, a traveling path for an acoustic signal received from another sensor is determined. Each sensor emits an acoustic signal at a frequency that differs from a frequency of an acoustic signal to be emitted by the other sensor(s) in the fluid flow. A velocity profile and temperature profile for the fluid flow based on the acoustic signals received by the sensors is determined. A measurement system can include sensors and a computer device that can determine a velocity profile and temperature profile for a fluid flow passing through a device based on the acoustic signals received by the sensors. A plant can be configured to implement the method or include an embodiment of the measurement system.

Abstract: A method and measurement system for measuring the wetness of a gas phase of a two phase flowing fluid. The measurement system includes a container, a liquid film measurement device and an Electrical Capacitance Tomography device.

Abstract: A boroscope sheath is disclosed for providing a boroscope with temperature protection during a boroscope inspection of a machine such as a gas turbine or a steam turbine. The boroscope sheath includes an elongate tube having a wall extending from a front end to a back end and around a central bore configured and arranged to allow removable insertion of a boroscope cooling channels extend in the wall. The boroscope sheath can be held in a first position relative to the machine when the machine is in use and moved to a second position relative to machine for inspection. Part of the boroscope sheath remain in the machine during use of the machine.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to the field of combustion technology related to gas turbines. For example, the present disclosure refers to a system and a method for operating a combustion device. Advantageously, required measurements may be effected fast enough to ensure an optimum control of parameter w, defined as a ratio between NOx water mass and fuel oil flows, the measurements being based not only on process variables but, most importantly, on NOx levels.

Abstract: Provided is a measurement system for measuring wetness of the gas phase of a two phase flowing fluid. The measurement system includes a container for containing the fluid flow having an inner surface with an average cross sectional area, a liquid film measurement device adapted to measure a flowrate of a liquid film of the two phase fluid through the container, an Electrical Capacitance Tomography device that has a plurality of electrodes located in the container, and a computer adapted to calculate the flowrate of the liquid film in the container. The measurement system calculates wetness of the gas phase based on a measurement of the Electrical Capacitance Tomography device and the calculated liquid film flowrate.

Abstract: A method is provided for the measurement of parameters of a gas present in a gas turbine combustion chamber. The method includes tuning a laser to a range containing the absorption lines of species to be analyzed in the gas, and directing the laser light through the combustion chamber and detecting laser light reflected off boundary walls of the combustion chamber. In order to analyze the absorption spectrum measured at high temperatures and pressures, a signature recognition algorithm is applied to the spectrum. The measured absorption spectrum is cross-correlated with a calibration absorption model spectrum for the absorption lines at several temperatures, pressures, and concentrations generated prior to the measurement. Values for pressure, temperature, and concentrations of selected species in the gas are determined simultaneously allowing direct control of the combustion chamber process. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also provided.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments relates to an optical measurement that determines the temperature in a flame and determines the particle size of the fuel present in the flame. The optical measurement device includes a color camera that measures light information in the flame and outputs measurement results and an evaluation unit that evaluates the measurement results. Further, a coal burning power plant is provided with a multitude of burners that burn milled coal each in a flame and a multitude of optical measurement devices described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting rubbing and/or contact points on machines with rotating parts. The rotating parts form an electrical coaxial system with respect to the stationary parts of such a machine, in which system electrical voltage pulses are propagated at a characteristic speed because of the small distance between the rotating and the stationary part. Short electrical voltage pulses and/or continuous alternating voltage signals are applied between the rotating part and the stationary part, an electrical connection occurring between the rotating and the stationary part at a rubbing and/or contact point. In order to locate this rubbing and/or contact point as a point of electrical discontinuity, the period of time until the reflected pulses arrive is measured along the path of propagation of the electrical voltage pulses and/or of the continuous alternating voltage signals.

Abstract: In a method for reducing the NOx emissions from a burner arrangement comprising a plurality of burners (B1, . . . , Bn), in particular in a gas turbine, which burners (B1, . . . , Bn) are operated in parallel and each burner supplied fuel by means of combustion air to form a flame (F1, . . . , Fn), an effective drop is achieved in a simple way by virtue of the fact that at a predetermined time the flame temperatures of individual burners (B1, . . . , Bn) or burner groups or differences between the flame temperatures of individual burners (B1, . . . , Bn) or burner groups are measured directly or indirectly. The fuel supply to those burners or burner groups whose flame temperature exceeds a predetermined value for the flame temperature is selectively throttled in order to homogenize the flame temperatures of the burners (B1, . . . , Bn).

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments relates to an optical measurement that determines the temperature in a flame and determines the particle size of the fuel present in the flame. The optical measurement device includes a color camera that measures light information in the flame and outputs measurement results and an evaluation unit that evaluates the measurement results. Further, a coal burning power plant is provided with a multitude of burners that burn milled coal each in a flame and a multitude of optical measurement devices described.

Abstract: A method is provided for the measurement of parameters of a gas present in a gas turbine combustion chamber. The method includes tuning a laser to a range containing the absorption lines of species to be analyzed in the gas, and directing the laser light through the combustion chamber and detecting laser light reflected off boundary walls of the combustion chamber. In order to analyze the absorption spectrum measured at high temperatures and pressures, a signature recognition algorithm is applied to the spectrum. The measured absorption spectrum is cross-correlated with a calibration absorption model spectrum for the absorption lines at several temperatures, pressures, and concentrations generated prior to the measurement. Values for pressure, temperature, and concentrations of selected species in the gas are determined simultaneously allowing direct control of the combustion chamber process. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also provided.

Abstract: A flame scanning device is provided for monitoring a flame. The device includes a radiation collection and transmission element for collecting flame radiation and transmitting it to detection elements, a flame sensor element for the detection of radiation and conversion of the detected radiation into electrical signals, and an evaluation unit for the conversion of the electrical signals into flame parameters. The flame sensor element can include at least two individual detectors each with an individual central detection wavelength and a width of observation window, respectively. The individual central detection wavelength and the width of observation window are not overlapping and are covering individual regions of interest of the spectrum of radiation.

Abstract: An oxygen concentration measuring device is provided for determining an oxygen concentration of a gas in a sample volume. The device includes an optical device configured for irradiating the sample volume containing oxygen with a first UV radiation intensity, at least one wavelength of which is close to a spectral absorption line of oxygen, a magnetic field generator configured for applying a magnetic field at the sample volume, and a UV light detector configured for measuring a second UV radiation intensity coming from the sample volume. The oxygen concentration in the sample volume is determined on the basis of the applied magnetic field and the measured second UV radiation intensity.

Abstract: A method and analyzer device are provided for testing a power distribution system of a power supply network. A first electrical signal is transmitted into the power distribution system to be tested, the first electrical signal is propagated along the power distribution system to be tested, and a second electrical signal, which is a portion of the first electrical signal reflected within the power distribution system, is received. A signal variation parameter is measured between the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal, and a location of a critical conducting section within the power supply network is obtained from the measured signal variation parameter. A maximum load rating of the critical conducting section is determined, and a control signal for controlling the power supply network such that the power transferred on the critical conducting section does not exceed the maximum load rating.

Abstract: An oxygen concentration measuring device is provided for determining an oxygen concentration of a gas in a sample volume. The device includes an optical device configured for irradiating the sample volume containing oxygen with a first UV radiation intensity, at least one wavelength of which is close to a spectral absorption line of oxygen, a magnetic field generator configured for applying a magnetic field at the sample volume, and a UV light detector configured for measuring a second UV radiation intensity coming from the sample volume. The oxygen concentration in the sample volume is determined on the basis of the applied magnetic field and the measured second UV radiation intensity.