Abstract: An element containing Bose-Einstein condensations (BECs) is disclosed. The BECs are able to interact with photons to create optic and catalytic functions including at least one of changing propagation of the photons, changing mutual coherence among the photons, changing a penetration depth of the photons, detecting the photons, changing chemical reactions occurred on a surface of the element, and changing nuclear reactions occurred in a boundary or an implanted crystal defect containing impurity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a latex comprising water and a layered material intercalated with a polymer. The invention also relates to a nanocomposite material comprising a layered material intercalated with a polymer. The latex can be produced by forming a dispersion of layered material in water, adding surfactant, polymerizable monomer or monomers, and a polymerization initiator to the mixture and then polymerizing the monomer to form a latex. The latex can also be formed from preformed polymers. Composite materials formed from latexes produced by either method have improved mechanical properties and reduced air permeability.