Abstract: A variable capacity turbocharger includes a turbine impeller, a gas inlet passage fluidly coupled to the turbine impeller, a nozzle vane located in the gas inlet passage, a drive assembly that rotates the nozzle vane, a drive chamber accommodating the drive assembly and including a region configured to store liquid in the drive chamber, and a liquid passage fluidly coupled with the drive chamber and configured to discharge the liquid from the drive chamber. A surface of the liquid passage has a greater surface roughness than the region of the drive chamber.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes a first housing configured to house a turbine impeller, a second housing configured to rotatably support a rotating shaft to which the turbine impeller is fixed, and a variable capacity mechanism configured to surround the turbine impeller and to guide a fluid to the turbine impeller. The variable capacity mechanism has a nozzle ring that faces the second housing. A first pin and a second pin extend between the second housing and the nozzle ring and are attached to one of the second housing and the nozzle ring. The other of the second housing and the nozzle ring is provided with a first guide in which an end portion of the first pin is disposed and a second guide in which an end portion of the second pin is disposed.

Abstract: A turbine includes a turbine wheel, a housing having a flow path for a gas, a variable geometry device to guide the gas from the flow path to the turbine wheel, and a biasing member. The variable geometry device includes one or more nozzle vane member, each having a nozzle vane, a nozzle shaft and a nozzle link plate. The biasing member is in contact with the nozzle link plate of the nozzle vane member, to urge the nozzle vane member against a contact surface of the turbine.

Abstract: A variable capacity turbocharger includes a turbine impeller, a gas inlet passage fluidly coupled to the turbine impeller, a nozzle vane located in the gas inlet passage, a drive assembly that rotates the nozzle vane, a drive chamber accommodating the drive assembly and including a region configured to store liquid in the drive chamber, and a liquid passage fluidly coupled with the drive chamber and configured to discharge the liquid from the drive chamber. A surface of the liquid passage has a greater surface roughness than the region of the drive chamber.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes a first housing configured to house a turbine impeller, a second housing configured to rotatably support a rotating shaft to which the turbine impeller is fixed, and a variable capacity mechanism configured to surround the turbine impeller and to guide a fluid to the turbine impeller. The variable capacity mechanism has a nozzle ring that faces the second housing. A first pin and a second pin extend between the second housing and the nozzle ring and are attached to one of the second housing and the nozzle ring. The other of the second housing and the nozzle ring is provided with a first guide in which an end portion of the first pin is disposed and a second guide in which an end portion of the second pin is disposed.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor obtained by sequentially laminating at least a photosensitive layer and an outermost layer on a conductive support, wherein the outermost layer contains a polymerized and cured product of a composition containing a polymerizable monomer and a filler, and the filler includes a conductive first filler surface-treated with a surface treatment agent having a silicone chain in a side chain, and a second filler having a relative dielectric constant which is lower than that of the first filler and 5 or less.

Abstract: The platemaking apparatus according to the present invention forms a pattern on an ink film-forming press plate that has a surface layer containing a stimulus-responsive compound whose physical property can reversibly change in response to an external stimulus. The platemaking apparatus includes: a first stimulator that applies, to a surface of the press plate, a first stimulus that changes the physical property of the surface from a first physical property to a second physical property to form the pattern, on the basis of image data; a second stimulator that applies, to the surface of the press plate, a second stimulus that changes the physical property of the surface from the second physical property to the first physical property, to erase the pattern; and a cleaning unit that removes an ink remained on the surface of the press plate.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic image forming method using an electrophotographic photoconductor. The electrophotographic photoconductor has a protective layer. The surface of the protective layer has a projection structure. The average distance between neighboring projections among a plurality of projections R is set within the range of 100 to 250 nm. A toner including titanate compound particles attached to toner base particles is used.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a cured outermost layer that includes a polymerized cured product including at least an inorganic filler and a phenol derivative. The inorganic filler is surface-modified with a surface modifier. The phenol derivative has a structure represented by Formula (1). In Formula (1), R1 and R3 each independently represent an alkyl group having three or more carbon atoms, R2 and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and L1 represents a linking group having at least 10 atoms with an atomic number of 12 or more.

Abstract: A filling system includes a center wheel that conveys vessels, a first filler provided with a plurality of filling heads, a second filler provided with a plurality of filling heads and arranged downstream from the first filler, a first inlet wheel that receives the vessels from the center wheel and supplies the vessels to the first filler, and a second inlet wheel that receives the vessel from the center wheel and supplies the vessels to the second filler. Operation modes are switchable between a first operation mode that conveys the vessels to the first filler and a second operation mode that conveys the vessels to the second filler instead of conveying to the first filler by controlling the reception of the vessels at the first and second inlet wheels.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes: an electrophotographic photoreceptor; a charger that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor; an exposer that exposes the charged electrophotographic photoreceptor; a developer that supplies a toner to the electrophotographic photoreceptor on which an electrostatic latent image is formed; a transferer that transfers a toner image formed on the electrophotographic photoreceptor; and a cleaner that removes a residual toner remaining on a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an outermost layer, a surface of the outermost layer has a projection structure due to a ridge of the inorganic filler, the toner contains toner base particles and metal oxide particles as an external additive externally added to the toner base particles, 70% or more of the toner base particles are covered with the metal oxide particles as the external additive, and following formulas (1) to (3) are

Abstract: A filling system includes a conveyance chamber that conveys vessels, a filling chamber provided with a filling head that fills content into the vessels, a pressure control means that controls the pressure conditions of each chamber, an intermediate chamber that is provided between the conveyance chamber and the filling chamber, and a shutter that can separate the conveyance chamber and the intermediate chamber. When the filling chamber is separated by the shutter, the pressure control means controls the pressure of the intermediate chamber to become lower than the pressure of the conveyance chamber and the filling chamber.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a cured outermost layer that includes a polymerized cured product including at least an inorganic filler and a phenol derivative. The inorganic filler is surface-modified with a surface modifier. The phenol derivative has a structure represented by Formula (1). In Formula (1), R1 and R3 each independently represent an alkyl group having three or more carbon atoms, R2 and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and L1 represents a linking group having at least 10 atoms with an atomic number of 12 or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic image forming method using an electrophotographic photoconductor. The electrophotographic photoconductor has a protective layer. The surface of the protective layer has a projection structure. The average distance between neighboring projections among a plurality of projections R is set within the range of 100 to 250 nm. A toner including titanate compound particles attached to toner base particles is used.

Abstract: Provide is an electrophotographic image forming method containing: a charging step, an exposure step, a developing step, a transfer step and a cleaning step by using a photoreceptor, wherein the charging step has a charging device for charging the surface of the photoreceptor; the photoreceptor has a protective layer, the protective layer contains a polymerized cured product of a composition containing a polymerizable monomer and an inorganic filler, a surface of the protective layer has a plurality of convex portions due to protrusion of the inorganic filler; in the developing step, a toner in which alumina particles are externally added to toner mother particles is used, and an average distance R between adjacent convex portions among the plurality of convex portions is set in the range of 100 to 250 nm.

Abstract: A filling system includes a conveyance chamber in which a center wheel for conveying vessels is housed inside, a filling chamber where filling machines are housed inside, an inlet/outlet wheel that transfers the vessels from the center wheel to the filling machine, an opening that allows conveyance of the vessels, and a shutter that closes the opening. The inlet/outlet wheel includes grippers configured from a fixed section and a movable section. The movable section can be raised or lowered with respect to the rotational axis of the inlet/outlet wheel. When the shutter closes the opening, movable section is raised or lowered by a predetermined amount relative to the fixed section, after which the movable section is rotated by a predetermined amount to a position where it does not interfere with the shutter.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an outermost layer formed of a polymerized cured product of a composition containing a polymerizable monomer and metal oxide particles surface-treated with a surface treatment agent having a silicone chain, wherein a ratio (r/r?) between a number average primary particle diameter (r) of metal oxide particles which are untreated base particles of the metal oxide particles surface-treated with the surface treatment agent having a silicone chain and a sphere equivalent particle diameter (r?) of the untreated base particles calculated from a specific surface area measured by a nitrogen adsorption method is 1.5 or more and 6.0 or less, and a surface treatment amount with the surface treatment agent having a silicone chain per surface area of the untreated base particles is 0.0005 g/m2 or more and 0.0015 g/m2 or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes: an electrophotographic photoreceptor; a charger that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor; an exposer that exposes the charged electrophotographic photoreceptor; a developer that supplies a toner to the electrophotographic photoreceptor on which an electrostatic latent image is formed; a transferer that transfers a toner image formed on the electrophotographic photoreceptor; and a cleaner that removes a residual toner remaining on a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an outermost layer, a surface of the outermost layer has a projection structure due to a ridge of the inorganic filler, the toner contains toner base particles and metal oxide particles as an external additive externally added to the toner base particles, 70% or more of the toner base particles are covered with the metal oxide particles as the external additive, and following formulas (1) to (3) are

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor obtained by sequentially laminating at least a photosensitive layer and an outermost layer on a conductive support, wherein the outermost layer contains a polymerized and cured product of a composition containing a polymerizable monomer and a filler, and the filler includes a conductive first filler surface-treated with a surface treatment agent having a silicone chain in a side chain, and a second filler having a relative dielectric constant which is lower than that of the first filler and 5 or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an outermost layer formed of a polymerized cured product of a composition containing a polymerizable monomer and metal oxide particles surface-treated with a surface treatment agent having a silicone chain, wherein a ratio (r/r?) between a number average primary particle diameter (r) of metal oxide particles which are untreated base particles of the metal oxide particles surface-treated with the surface treatment agent having a silicone chain and a sphere equivalent particle diameter (r?) of the untreated base particles calculated from a specific surface area measured by a nitrogen adsorption method is 1.5 or more and 6.0 or less, and a surface treatment amount with the surface treatment agent having a silicone chain per surface area of the untreated base particles is 0.0005 g/m2 or more and 0.0015 g/m2 or less.