Abstract: Exemplary apparatus and method can be provided. For example, using at least one light source first arrangement, it is possible to provide pulses of light to at least one portion of a biological structure. At least one detector second arrangement can be used to detect images from the portion(s) based on the pulses, and provide data based on the detection. With at least one configuration, it is possible prevent and/or reduce a movement of the apparatus within at least one anatomical body (i) is a particular surface of the apparatus, (ii) covers at least one portion of the surface, and/or (iii) extends from the surface. In addition or alternatively, with at least one computer third arrangement, it is possible to receive the data, and control a timing of at least one of activation or deactivation of at least one portion of the first arrangement based on the data.

Abstract: Exemplary apparatus and method can be provided. For example, using at least one light source first arrangement, it is possible to provide pulses of light to at least one portion of a biological structure. At least one detector second arrangement can be used to detect images from the portion(s) based on the pulses, and provide data based on the detection. With at least one configuration, it is possible prevent and/or reduce a movement of the apparatus within at least one anatomical body (i) is a particular surface of the apparatus, (ii) covers at least one portion of the surface, and/or (iii) extends from the surface. In addition or alternatively, with at least one computer third arrangement, it is possible to receive the data, and control a timing of at least one of activation or deactivation of at least one portion of the first arrangement based on the data.

Abstract: Exemplary apparatus and method can be provided for obtaining data regarding a plurality of samples. For example, using at least one arrangement, it is possible to receive interferometric information that is based on radiations provided from a reference and the samples that are provided in respective chambers. Alternatively and/or in addition, based on the interferometric information, it is possible to discriminate between agents to identify a particular agent that affects a particular function within at least one of the samples.

Abstract: Exemplary apparatus and method can be provided for obtaining data regarding a plurality of samples. For example, using at least one arrangement, it is possible to receive interferometric information that is based on radiations provided from a reference and the samples that are provided in respective chambers. Alternatively and/or in addition, based on the interferometric information, it is possible to discriminate between agents to identify a particular agent that affects a particular function within at least one of the samples.

Abstract: Exemplary apparatus and method can be provided for obtaining data regarding a plurality of samples. For example, using at least one arrangement, it is possible to receive interferometric information that is based on radiations provided from a reference and the samples that are provided in respective chambers. Alternatively and/or in addition, based on the interferometric information, it is possible to discriminate between agents to identify a particular agent that affects a particular function within at least one of the samples.

Abstract: Exemplary apparatus and method can be provided. For example, using at least one light source first arrangement, it is possible to provide pulses of light to at least one portion of a biological structure. At least one detector second arrangement can be used to detect images from the portion(s) based on the pulses, and provide data based on the detection. With at least one configuration, it is possible prevent and/or reduce a movement of the apparatus within at least one anatomical body (i) is a particular surface of the apparatus, (ii) covers at least one portion of the surface, and/or (iii) extends from the surface. In addition or alternatively, with at least one computer third arrangement, it is possible to receive the data, and control a timing of at least one of activation or deactivation of at least one portion of the first arrangement based on the data.

Abstract: Exemplary apparatus and method can be provided for obtaining data regarding a plurality of samples. For example, using at least one arrangement, it is possible to receive interferometric information that is based on radiations provided from a reference and the samples that are provided in respective chambers. Alternatively and/or in addition, based on the interferometric information, it is possible to discriminate between agents to identify a particular agent that affects a particular function within at least one of the samples.

Abstract: A partitioned aperture wavefront imaging system includes an imaging system comprising a partitioned aperture lens array positioned at the aperture plane or Fourier plane between the entrance plane and camera plane of an imaging system. The partitioned aperture lens array can include 2 or more off-axis lenses symmetrically distributed about an optical axis, and adapted to produce simultaneously at the camera plane at least two images of an object, or intermediate image of an object, presented at the entrance plane. Preferably, the partitioned aperture lens array includes from 3 to 5 off-axis lenses and produces 3 to 5 images at the camera plane from which phase and amplitude information about the light field can be determined. The partitioned aperture wavefront imaging system provides enough information about the light field presented at the entrance plane to enable reconstruction of the light field at other planes relative to the entrance plane.

Abstract: A method of creating a phase contrast image is provided. In some embodiments the method comprises illuminating the target region of a sample with a first light source to provide a first oblique back illumination of the target region of the sample, and detecting a first phase contrast image from light originating from the first light source and back illuminating the target region of the sample. In some embodiments the method further comprises illuminating the sample with a second light source to provide a second oblique back illumination of the target region of the sample, and detecting a second phase contrast image from light originating from the second light source and back illuminating the target region of the sample. In some embodiments a difference image of the target region of the sample is created by subtracting the second phase contrast image of the target region of the sample from the first phase contrast image of the target region of the sample.

Abstract: A partitioned aperture wavefront imaging system includes an imaging system comprising a partitioned aperture lens array positioned at the aperture plane or Fourier plane between the entrance plane and camera plane of an imaging system. The partitioned aperture lens array can include 2 or more off-axis lenses symmetrically distributed about an optical axis, and adapted to produce simultaneously at the camera plane at least two images of an object, or intermediate image of an object, presented at the entrance plane. Preferably, the partitioned aperture lens array includes from 3 to 5 off-axis lenses and produces 3 to 5 images at the camera plane from which phase and amplitude information about the light field can be determined. The partitioned aperture wavefront imaging system provides enough information about the light field presented at the entrance plane to enable reconstruction of the light field at other planes relative to the entrance plane.

Abstract: An exemplary arrangement can be provided which can include a lens arrangement which can have at least two reflecting surfaces on opposing sides thereof, each of the reflecting surfaces can have a reflectivity that can be greater than 10%. The lens arrangement can include a gradient index lens, and can have a refractive optical element, a diffractive optical element, a planar convex lens, an aspheric lens, a ball lens or a cylindrical lens.