Abstract: An optical waveguide includes a diamond layer including a first surface, a second surface and a diamond layer including a complex defect; a first clad layer in contact with the first surface; a second clad layer in contact with the second surface and including a polarity; and a metal layer in Schottky contact with the second clad layer.

Abstract: A color test strip for detecting predetermined substances which carries on a support at least one coloring pad and at least one pad for. The correction pad having a pH which is adjusted in relation to pH of the coloring pad. The color test strip can avoid false positive and false negative results.

Abstract: A dampening solution composition for lithographic printing, which comprises (a) water, and (b) a compound (A) represented by the following formula (I). ##STR1## wherein R represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group or an isopropyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4, is disclosed.

Abstract: An additive for a lithographic dampening solution is disclosed, which comprises:(a) a compound represented by the following formula (A): ##STR1## wherein R represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group or an isopropyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4; and(b) an alcohol having an HLB of 7.0 to 15.0 which is selected from the group consisting of primary or tertiary alkoxyalcohols having an alkoxy group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, primary or tertiary alkanols, saturated straight-chain polyhydric alcohols containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers. A dampening solution for lithographic printing comprising water and the additive is also disclosed.

Abstract: An agent composition for detecting a redox reaction comprising a redox reagent system, iodic acid or an iodate, and a monovalent thallium compound, which suppresses adverse influence of liberated iodine and provides accurate diagnosis results.