Abstract: A non-combustible heating-type smoking article includes: a tobacco part. The tobacco part includes: a tobacco filler; and a wrapper enclosing the tobacco filler. The tobacco part has a hardness of 0.41 to 1.5 N when compressed by a length corresponding to 10% of a diameter of the tobacco part in a diameter direction of the tobacco part. The wrapper is formed by attaching two or more sheets. The wrapper has a tensile strength of 10 to 30 N in a transverse direction crossing an axial direction of the tobacco part.

Abstract: A non-combustible heating-type smoking article includes: a tobacco filler; and a wrapper enclosing the tobacco filler. The wrapper includes: a substrate sheet made of metal; a first sheet made of paper and bonded to one surface of the substrate sheet on a side of the tobacco filler; and a second sheet made of paper and bonded to one other surface of the substrate sheet on a side opposite to the one surface.

Abstract: Fuel injection equipment is provided which realizes characteristics of fuel injection proper for all over the operation range of an engine, can further reduce nitrogen oxide(NOx) emission, and is high in mechanical durability. The fuel injection equipment for an internal combustion engine comprises an injection pump having a plunger part and a fuel passage equipped with a main electromagnetic valve, a fuel supply part for supplying the fuel to the fuel injection pump, a fuel injection pipe for sending the fuel to an injection nozzle part, and a secondary electromagnetic valve attached to an overflow pipe for returning to said fuel supply part the redundant fuel not to be injected from said unit injector, wherein an orifice is attached to said overflow pipe.

Abstract: Fuel injection equipment is provided which realizes characteristics of fuel injection proper for all over the operation range of an engine, can further reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission, and is high in mechanical durability. The fuel injection equipment for an internal combustion engine comprises an injection pump having a plunger part and a fuel passage equipped with a main electromagnetic valve, a fuel supply part for supplying the fuel to the fuel injection pump, a fuel injection pipe for sending the fuel to an injection nozzle part, and a secondary electromagnetic valve attached to an overflow pipe for returning to said fuel supply part the redundant fuel not to be injected from said unit injector, wherein an orifice is attached to said overflow pipe.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor in which magnetic leakage flaw detection can be performed with high accuracy without so reducing liftoff, and a magnetic flaw detection method and apparatus to which the magnetic sensor is applied. The magnetic sensor 50 for detecting magnetic flux generated due to a defect portion of a magnetized subject to be inspected has an E-shaped core 51 having magnetic poles (51a, 51b and 51c) arranged in the neighborhood of a steel plate (13) to be inspected, and a search coil (52) wound on the center magnetic pole (51b) of the E-shaped core for detecting the magnetic flux. An external magnetic field floating in the circumference of the E-shaped magnetic sensor passes through the opposite side magnetic poles (51a and 51c) of the E-shaped core 51 but does not cross the center magnetic pole (51b) of the E-shaped core. Accordingly, no voltage due to the external magnetic field is induced in the search coil (52), so that only the magnetic flux caused by the defect portion is detected.

Abstract: A magnetic detector includes a magnetizer generating a magnetic field; a first magnetic sensor for detecting a leakage flux resulting from a magnetically defective portion of an object moving in and relative to the magnetic field; a low-pass filter for extracting a low-frequency signal component contained in the signal output by the magnetic sensor, the low-frequency signal component being indicative of a floating flux which crosses the magnetic sensor and is a result of the object moving through the magnetic field; an amplifier for amplifying the extracted low-frequency signal component; a compensating coil excited by the amplified low-frequency signal component output by the amplifier, for generating a magnetic flux which cancels out the floating flux crossing the magnetic sensor; a high-pass filter for extracting a signal resulting from the magnetically defective portion and contained in the signal that is output by the first magnetic sensor; an output amplifier for amplifying a signal output by the high-p

Abstract: The present invention relates to an offset cancellation circuit of digital filtering system which is capable of responding to a variation of an offset value with variation of circuit constant of an A/D converter due to temperature variation, etc. The present offset cancellation circuit is constituted with a low-pass filter for deriving an offset cancellation component from an offset component contained in respective codewords y of output codeword sequence y(kT) (where k is an integer and T is a sampling period of the A/D converter) of a parallel B bits of the offset cancellation circuit at a predetermined ratio every sampling period and accumulating the derived offset cancellation components and an adder for reducing the accumulated offset cancellation components from the input codeword sequence x(kT) of the parallel B bits every sampling period and outputting it as the codeword sequence y(kT). As a result, the whole offset cancellation circuit constitutes a recursive, IIR type digital filter.

Abstract: In a magnetic inspection apparatus for a thin steel strip of the invention, a pole-to-pole distance of a magnetizer, which is housed in a hollow roller contacting a traveling thin steel strip to oppose the thin steel strip, is set between twice and eight times a distance between magnetic poles and the thin steel strip. A position of a magnetic sensor in the travel direction of the thin steel strip is shifted from the central position of the magnetic poles to a travel direction side by a small distance. In this invention, a pair of hollow rollers are provided to sandwich upper and lower surfaces of a traveling thin steel strip, and magnetic sensors are respectively housed in the hollow rollers. As a result, a position of a defect in the direction of the thickness of the thin steel strip, and a defect size can be accurately detected.

Abstract: A magnetic defect detector having a pair of rotatable cylinders made of nonmagnetic material which pinch a running steel strip therebetween, two pairs of bearings being engaged with the end parts of the pair of cylinders. A pair of stationary shafts are respectively housed in the cylinders, the end parts of which are engaged with the bearings. A yoke is housed in one of the cylinders, the free ends of which are placed near to the pinched strip, and a magnetizing coil surrounds the yoke. At least one sensor is housed in the other of the cylinders, and it is placed near to the pinched strip.