Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting presence of liquid in a pathway of known volume feature a molding with a sample receiving port, a pump connection port, at least one sample treating chamber and optionally at least one optical measuring chamber located between the sample receiving port and the pump connection port. The sample receiving port and the treating chambers are connected with each other through a pathway, which passes through the liquid detecting part, that has at least one air hole that is controlled to be in an open or closed state in response to the presence of liquid detected by the liquid detecting part. A sample is quantitatively fed from the sample receiving port into a sample treating chamber. Detection of the liquid involves projecting a light beam at an incident angle in a range of 42.degree. to 62.degree.

Abstract: A portable analyzer is disclosed. The analyzer comprises in combination a housing, an optical system comprising a light source, a detector, and one or more means for activating the optical system in generating a signal in response to a test element, means for manually moving the test element from a first position to a second position corresponding to a point of initiation of an operative condition of the optical system, means biasing the moving means toward said first position for controlling movement of the test element from the second position to the first position, means cooperative with said optical system, for processing the signal, and means, cooperative with the means for processing the signal, for displaying the processed signal.

Abstract: The test solution in the measuring cell is regarded to be divided into a plurality of sections, and the quantity of scattered light from each section is continuously measured to give a plurality of independent series of signal. This measurement is carried out by scanning the measuring cell with a minute light flux periodically to obtain a plurality of measurements in a period. Out of the series of signals obtained, those containing abnormal scattered light signal are eliminated to determine accurate concentration and reaction process.