Abstract: An optical module according to the invention can achieve an optical system using a transmission-type diffraction grating for bending the optical path of incident light with a specific wavelength by about 90°. A substrate of the transmission-type diffraction grating is mounted at an angle in a range of +5° with respect to the design incident angle ? of the incident light. The optical system can be applied to a light multiplexing/demultiplexing module.

Abstract: An optical module can achieve an optical system using a transmission-type diffraction grating for bending the optical path of incident light with a specific wavelength by about 90°. A substrate of the transmission-type diffraction grating is mounted at an angle in a range of ±5° with respect to the design incident angle ? of the incident light. The optical system can be applied to a light multiplexing/demultiplexing module.

Abstract: A transmission diffraction optical element is presented in which ridges having a roughly rectangular cross-section shape are disposed parallel to each other at a regular pitch at the surface of a substrate. Striped thin-film layers are formed on these ridges and a thin-film layer is inserted between the substrate and the ridges. The thin-film layers are arranged at a regular pitch identical to the regular pitch of the ridges and the thin-film layer does not have a periodic pattern oriented in the same direction as the periodic pattern of the ridges.

Abstract: A transmission diffraction optical element is presented in which ridges having a roughly rectangular cross-section shape are disposed parallel to each other at a regular pitch at the surface of a substrate. Striped thin-film layers are formed on these ridges and a thin-film layer is inserted between the substrate and the ridges. The thin-film layers are arranged at a regular pitch identical to the regular pitch of the ridges and the thin-film layer does not have a periodic pattern oriented in the same direction as the periodic pattern of the ridges.

Abstract: A transmission diffraction optical element is presented in which ridges having a roughly rectangular cross-section shape are disposed parallel to each other at a regular pitch at the surface of a substrate. Striped thin-film layers are formed on these ridges and a thin-film layer is inserted between the substrate and the ridges. The thin-film layers are arranged at a regular pitch identical to the regular pitch of the ridges and the thin-film layer does not have a periodic pattern oriented in the same direction as the periodic pattern of the ridges.

Abstract: A light measuring device is designed, so that excitation light, emitted by a light source, is guided through an excitation light optical fiber to irradiate a sample, and that fluorescence discharged by the sample is guided to an optical detection system through a receiving light optical fiber. A coupling lens is arranged ahead of the excitation light optical fiber and ahead of the receiving light optical fiber on the sample side. A sample container for retaining a sample is so designed that a lens portion, for collecting excitation light and fluorescence, is integrally formed with the cylindrical bottom. According to this arrangement, excitation light is changed to parallel light or converged light by the coupling lens, and is collected at the sample by the lens portion integrally formed with the bottom of the sample container.

Abstract: A light-receiving element may easily detect the barycenter of a light intensity of light having a long-wavelength band in an optical communication. An InGaAs layer (i-type layer) and a p-type InP layer are stacked on an n-type InP substrate. Electrodes are formed on both sides of the top surface of the p-type layer, and an electrode is formed on the bottom surface of the n-type substrate. An incident light impinged upon the light-receiving element is photoelectricly-converged into a photocurrent, and the photocurrent flows in the p-type layer to the electrodes. As a result, a current is derived from each of the electrodes, the magnitude thereof being dependent on the distances from the light impinging position to respective electrodes. The barycenter of a light intensity may be calculated from the currents derived from the electrodes and a light intensity may be obtained from the summation of the currents.

Abstract: A transmission grating that provides low polarization dependent loss over a wide wave range and provides high diffraction efficiency even with a small groove pitch and high resolving power and dispersion. In a transmission grating 10, multiple parallel ridges 22 that are transparent for the wave range to be used are disposed on one side of a substrate 20 that is transparent for the wave range to be used. Parallel grooves 24 are formed at a fixed pitch a between these ridges. Light is applied from the surface of the transmission grating on which the grooves are formed and diffracted light is extracted from the substrate surface on which grooves are not formed. The groove pitch a is set to a range of 0.51 ?c-1.48 ?c, where ?c is the central wavelength.

Abstract: It is a collimator adapted to convert divergent light beams outputted from an optical fiber bundle to parallel light beams through a collimator lens. A large diameter optical fiber is disposed between an optical fiber bundle, which is a bundle of a large number of multimode optical fibers and serves as one optical transmission path, and a collimator lens. A cross-section of the core of the large diameter optical fiber is larger than a range in which the cores of the optical fibers of the optical fiber bundle are present. Also, a group of divergent light beams outputted from the optical fibers of the optical fiber bundle is converted by the large diameter optical fiber to one light beam.

Abstract: The present invention targets a spectral optical element that outputs a light inputted at a predetermined incident angle to a predetermined direction depending on its wavelength. A spectral optical element according to the present invention includes a transmission diffraction optical element, and an optical phase control element that is fixed and arranged to be opposed to a diffracted light output surface of the transmission diffraction optical element so that the diffracted light is inputted therein. Then, this optical phase control element is constructed so that an optical length with respect to a light passing through the optical phase control element is changed in accordance with change of a diffraction angle of the diffracted light depending on the wavelength.

Abstract: A microplate reader includes a light emitting portion for irradiating each of a plurality of test samples with excitation light, a light receiving portion for receiving return light from each of the test samples, and an XY stage for moving the light emitting portion and the light receiving portion to traverse and scan the test samples. The light emitting portion and the light receiving portion are defined at the same location on a reflection surface, which is formed on a distal end of a glass light guide rod. The light emitting portion irradiates each test sample with a sufficient amount of excitation light so that a sufficient amount of return light enters the light receiving portion.

Abstract: A light detection device for detecting an optical path position of invisible light. The detection device includes a main body and a light guide. The light guide includes a distal end functioning as a light incident portion through which the detected light enters and a light radiation portion from which visible light is emitted. A drive mechanism reciprocates the light guide in an X-direction while vibrating the light guide in a perpendicular Y-direction. The distal end of the light guide rod moves within a light detection area in an XY plane. A visible light-emitting unit radiates visible light from the distal end when the detected light enters the distal end. The visible light-emitting unit includes a photo-detector for detecting the detected light and a light-emitting element for generating the visible light when the photo-detector detects the detected light.

Abstract: An optical module is provided in which recesses are formed in a sol-gel layer applied to a surface of a lens array substrate, each of the recesses having a capability to fit an optical fiber therein. The optical module comprises a planar microlens array substrate having a plurality of microlenses formed in one surface thereof; and an alignment recess array including a plurality of alignment recesses which are formed in a material applied to the other surface of the microlens array substrate by means of a mold with the center of each alignment recess being aligned to the center of a corresponding one of the microlens. The optical module may comprise a plurality of optical fibers each end thereof is adhered to the alignment recesses.

Abstract: A light measuring device is designed, so that excitation light, emitted by a light source, is guided through an excitation light optical fiber to irradiate a sample, and that fluorescence discharged by the sample is guided to an optical detection system through a receiving light optical fiber. A coupling lens is arranged ahead of the excitation light optical fiber and ahead of the receiving light optical fiber on the sample side. A sample container for retaining a sample is so designed that a lens portion, for collecting excitation light and fluorescence, is integrally formed with the cylindrical bottom. According to this arrangement, excitation light is changed to parallel light or converged light by the coupling lens, and is collected at the sample by the lens portion integrally formed with the bottom of the sample container.

Abstract: A microplate reader includes a light emitting portion for irradiating each of a plurality of test samples with excitation light, a light receiving portion for receiving return light from each of the test samples, an XY stage for moving the light emitting portion and the light receiving portion to traverse and scan the test samples, and a display portion for radiating visible light of a visible quantity in response to detection of fluorescence emitted from the test samples. An operator determines whether the measured test sample has emitted fluorescence based on illumination of the display portion.

Abstract: It is a collimator adapted to convert divergent light beams outputted from an optical fiber bundle to parallel light beams through a collimator lens. A large diameter optical fiber is disposed between an optical fiber bundle, which is a bundle of a large number of multimode optical fibers and serves as one optical transmission path, and a collimator lens. A cross-section of the core of the large diameter optical fiber is larger than a range in which the cores of the optical fibers of the optical fiber bundle are present. Also, a group of divergent light beams outputted from the optical fibers of the optical fiber bundle is converted by the large diameter optical fiber to one light beam.

Abstract: An optical module is provided in which the angles of the optical fibers to be inclined with respect to the planar microlens array may be regulated at the same time when respective optical axes of the microlenses and respective optical fibers are passively aligned. The optical module of the present invention comprises a planar microlens array having a plurality of microlenses formed in one surface thereof, a planar fitting transparent substrate having a plurality of micro fitting recesses formed in one surface thereof, a planar first guide plate having a plurality of micro guide holes opened therethrough, a planar second guide plate having a plurality of micro guide holes opened therethrough, and a plurality of optical fibers each end thereof having a micro fitting convex portion.

Abstract: An optical module includes a package, which accommodates an optical system. A package main body has an opening. A lid is attached to the main body to close the opening of the main body. The lid seals the package. An anti-deterioration agent for preventing deterioration of the optical system is located inside the package at a position out of a light path of the optical system. The anti-deterioration agent includes at least one of desiccant and deoxidant.

Abstract: A thin-film structure includes plate-shaped metals or plate-shaped structures in which a plate-shaped metal and a plate-shaped dielectric are in contact. The plate-shaped metal or structures are formed on a transparent base having a surface with line-shaped corrugated structures. The plate-shaped metals or structures are perpendicular to or oblique to the surface of the base. The thin-film structure has characteristics suitable for polarizers used in liquid crystal projectors and the like.

Abstract: An optical module according to the invention can achieve an optical system using a transmission-type diffraction grating for bending the optical path of incident light with a specific wavelength by about 90°. A substrate of the transmission-type diffraction grating is mounted at an angle in a range of ±5° with respect to the design incident angle ? of the incident light. The optical system can be applied to a light multiplexing/demultiplexing module.