Abstract: A capsule endoscope includes a capsule enclosure having an external wall surface; an image pickup device provided inside the capsule enclosure; a light source provided inside the capsule enclosure; a plurality of electrode structures each including an electrode, a water repellent layer, and a dielectric layer positioned between the electrode and the water repellent layer, the plurality of electrode structures being provided on the external wall surface of the capsule enclosure such that the electrode is positioned on an external wall surface side of the capsule enclosure; a power supply provided inside the capsule enclosure; at least one reference electrode provided on the external wall surface of the capsule enclosure and connected to reference potential of the power supply; and a drive circuit configured to apply a drive voltage to the plurality of electrode structures based on the power supply.

Abstract: In an optical information recording medium of the present invention, at least one information layer provided on a transparent substrate includes a protective layer and a write-once recording layer that are disposed in this order from the transparent substrate side. The recording layer contains at least one selected from Cr—O, Zn—O, Ga—O, In—O, Sn—O, Sb—O, Bi—O, and Te—O. The protective layer contains at least one selected from Cr—O, Zn—O, Ga—O, In—O, Sn—O, Sb—O, Bi—O, and Te—O. When the total amount of all the atoms other than oxygen atoms contained in the protective layer is taken as 100 atom %, the total amount of atoms of Cr, Zn, Ga, In, Sn, Sb, Bi, and Te in the protective layer is at least 70 atom %.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a recording film is partially initialized using a first light beam (A) having a wavelength for initialization, focus adjustment is performed using a second light beam (B) having a wavelength corresponding to a wavelength for recording and reproducing information on and from an information recording medium, and then the recording film is initialized using the first light beam (A), thereby it is possible to securely initialize recording films of all information layers of a multilayer information recording medium.

Abstract: An information recording medium according to the present invention includes a plurality of recording layers, and a test area for determining a recording power of a laser light for each of the plurality of recording layers, in which a first test area of a first layer and a second test area of a second layer adjacent to the first layer are provided at different radial positions.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical information recording apparatus and method capable of effectively determining appropriate recording parameters in a short time with favorable efficiency, when recording information onto an optical disk having different information recording conditions and information recording characteristics. An information recording condition or an information recording characteristic of an optical disk 1 is identified, and a recording pulse position is corrected at a correction accuracy according to the identifies information recording condition or information recording characteristic, such that a recording mark is formed in a predetermined position.

Abstract: An information recording medium according to the present invention includes a plurality of recording layers, and a test area for determining a recording power of a laser light for each of the plurality of recording layers, in which a first test area of a first layer and a second test area of a second layer adjacent to the first layer are provided at different radial positions.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical information recording apparatus and method capable of effectively determining appropriate recording parameters in a short time with favorable efficiency, when recording information onto an optical disk having different information recording conditions and information recording characteristics. An information recording condition or an information recording characteristic of an optical disk 1 is identified, and a recording pulse position is corrected at a correction accuracy according to the identifies information recording condition or information recording characteristic, such that a recording mark is formed in a predetermined position.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical information recording apparatus and method capable of effectively determining appropriate recording parameters in a short time with favorable efficiency, when recording information onto an optical disk having different information recording conditions and information recording characteristics. An information recording condition or an information recording characteristic of an optical disk 1 is identified, and a recording pulse position is corrected at a correction accuracy according to the identifies information recording condition or information recording characteristic, such that a recording mark is formed in a predetermined position.

Abstract: Because conditions for recording identification data of a medium vary in accordance with the structure of different media, such as a single-layer or a multiple-layer structure, stable data recording has been a difficult task. To solve this problem, an incident side of the laser beam for recording identification data on a single-layer optical disk 5 and a double-layer optical disk 6 is the opposite side of a substrate 1 upon which user data is recorded. From this structure, even in a double-layer optical disk 6, the recording is not affected by the recording layer of a second layer 12b and the like. Therefore, in the double-layer optical disk 6, identification data of the medium can be recorded under the same conditions as the single-layer optical disk 5.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical information recording apparatus and method capable of effectively determining appropriate recording parameters in a short time with favorable efficiency, when recording information onto an optical disk having different information recording conditions and information recording characteristics. An information recording condition or an information recording characteristic of an optical disk 1 is identified, and a recording pulse position is corrected at a correction accuracy according to the identifies information recording condition or information recording characteristic, such that a recording mark is formed in a predetermined position.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical information recording apparatus and method capable of effectively determining appropriate recording parameters in a short time with favorable efficiency, when recording information onto an optical disk having different information recording conditions and information recording characteristics. An information recording condition or an information recording characteristic of an optical disk 1 is identified, and a recording pulse position is corrected at a correction accuracy according to the identifies information recording condition or information recording characteristic, such that a recording mark is formed in a predetermined position.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a recording film is partially initialized using a first light beam (A) having a wavelength for initialization, focus adjustment is performed using a second light beam (B) having a wavelength corresponding to a wavelength for recording and reproducing information on and from an information recording medium, and then the recording film is initialized using the first light beam (A), thereby it is possible to securely initialize recording films of all information layers of a multilayer information recording medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical information recording apparatus and method capable of effectively determining appropriate recording parameters in a short time with favorable efficiency, when recording information onto an optical disk having different information recording conditions and information recording characteristics. An information recording condition or an information recording characteristic of an optical disk 1 is identified, and a recording pulse position is corrected at a correction accuracy according to the identifies information recording condition or information recording characteristic, such that a recording mark is formed in a predetermined position.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium includes one or more information layers including a recording layer for recording/reproducing an information signal by irradiation with a laser light, and a seperating layer or a protective substate on which a first information layer of the information layer on the irradiation face side is formed. The seperating layer or the protective substrate having a guide groove spirally or concentrically formed on the surface, and the respective inclined planes on the inner perimeter side and the outer perimeter side of the guide groove having inclined angles ? and ? with respect to the bottom face of the guide groove. The guide groove has one or more dissymmetric regions in the radius direction where the inclined angles ? and ? are different. The information layer has roughly agreeing thicknesses in the inclined face portion on the inner and outer perimeter sides in the dissymmetric region.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical information recording apparatus and method capable of effectively determining appropriate recording parameters in a short time with favorable efficiency, when recording information onto an optical disk having different information recording conditions and information recording characteristics. An information recording condition or an information recording characteristic of an optical disk 1 is identified, and a recording pulse position is corrected at a correction accuracy according to the identifies information recording condition or information recording characteristic, such that a recording mark is formed in a predetermined position.

Abstract: A plurality of types of recording pulse control rules for which the recording pulse waveform is determined according to the information signals to be recorded are stored in advance in an optical disk. When recording to the optical disk, information is recorded using a recording pulse where, due to the focused laser beam, the temperature in the recording layer cools more rapidly at a second information recording layer closer to the side where light is incident than at a first information recording layer farther away from the side where light is incident.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium includes a plurality of recording layers, a reflectance of at least one of the plurality of the recording layers in a non-initialized state with respect to a light beam for initialization being smaller than a reflectance of the same in an initialized state with respect to the light beam for initialization. The recording layers are initialized by irradiating, among the plurality of recording layers, the recording layer positioned farther from a light beam irradiation side with the light beam prior to irradiating the recording layer positioned closer to the light beam irradiation side, so that the initialized recording layers have no initialization irregularities.

Abstract: An information recording medium according to the present invention includes a plurality of recording layers, and a test area for determining a recording power of a laser light for each of the plurality of recording layers, in which a first test area of a first layer and a second test area of a second layer adjacent to the first layer are provided at different radial positions.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical information recording medium of excellent signal quality in high density recording onto a semitransparent information layer, its manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus. The optical information recording medium of the present invention includes at least a semitransparent information layer disposed between a circular transparent substrate and a protective substrate, in which the information layer has spiral grooves for guiding a light beam, and also includes a recording film capable of recording/reproducing information thereon/therefrom by changing at least in two states detectable optically by irradiation of the light beam from the transparent substrate side, and the difference in film thickness of slope portions of the inner circumferential side and outer circumferential side of the groove is within ±10% in the entire region for recording/reproducing information.

Abstract: An information recording medium according to the present invention includes a plurality of recording layers, and a test area for determining a recording power of a laser light for each of the plurality of recording layers, in which a first test area of a first layer and a second test area of a second layer adjacent to the first layer are provided at different radial positions.