Abstract: A power conversion device includes a first control device to an m-th control device that are capable of communicating with each other. A k-th control device transmits specific information to control devices other than the k-th control device among the first control device to the m-th control device. The specific information includes voltage values of a plurality of unit converters included in a k-th cell set in each of a first arm to a third arm. From each control device other than the k-th control device among the first control device to the m-th control device, the k-th control device receives specific information including the voltage values of the plurality of unit converters. The k-th control device calculates a phase representative value of the voltage values of the plurality of unit converters included in each of the first arm to the third arm.

Abstract: An optical device (10) includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a conductive material. The second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. Apart of the second conductive film (130) comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). A plurality of concave portions are provided in a contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). The contact surface has a surface roughness greater than a surface roughness of a non-contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which does not come into contact with the first conductive film (110).

Abstract: An optical device (10) includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a conductive material. The second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. Apart of the second conductive film (130) comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). A plurality of concave portions are provided in a contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). The contact surface has a surface roughness greater than a surface roughness of a non-contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which does not come into contact with the first conductive film (110).

Abstract: An optical device (10) includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a conductive material. The second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. A part of the second conductive film (130) comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). A plurality of concave portions are provided in a contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). The contact surface has a surface roughness greater than a surface roughness of a non-contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which does not come into contact with the first conductive film (110).

Abstract: An optical device (10) includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a conductive material. The second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. A part of the second conductive film (130) comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). A plurality of concave portions are provided in a contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). The contact surface has a surface roughness greater than a surface roughness of a non-contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which does not come into contact with the first conductive film (110).

Abstract: An optical device (10) has a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a transparent conductive material and the like. In addition, the second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. A transition region, in which the transparent conductive material and the metal material are mixed, exists between the first conductive film (110) and the second conductive film (130). The transparent conductive material includes, for example, a conductive polymer.

Abstract: An optical device (10) has a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a transparent conductive material and the like. In addition, the second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. A transition region, in which the transparent conductive material and the metal material are mixed, exists between the first conductive film (110) and the second conductive film (130). The transparent conductive material includes, for example, a conductive polymer.

Abstract: An optical device (10) includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a conductive material. The second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. A part of the second conductive film (130) comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). A plurality of concave portions are provided in a contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). The contact surface has a surface roughness greater than a surface roughness of a non-contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which does not come into contact with the first conductive film (110).

Abstract: An optical device includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110), which constitutes the joining structure, is constituted by a transparent conductive material and the like. The second conductive film (130), which constitutes the joining structure, is constituted by a metal material. A dispersing agent, which is constituted by a material different from the transparent conductive material, exists at a portion of the first conductive film (110) which is located at the periphery of the second conductive film (130).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a negative resin composition which can produce a pattern with high sensitivity, high resolution and low line edge roughness in pattern formation by exposure to electron beams or EUV, a method for producing a relief pattern and an electronic component using the negative resist composition. Disclosed is a negative resist composition comprising a phenolic compound (A) which has: two or more phenolic hydroxyl groups per molecule; one or more substituents of one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of a hydroxymethyl group and an alkoxymethyl group per molecule in the ortho-position of any of the phenolic hydroxyl groups; and a molecular weight of 400 to 2,500, wherein the content of the phenolic compound (A) is 70% by weight or more of the total solid content of the negative resist composition.

Abstract: A light emitting device (10) includes a substrate (100), a plurality of light emitting regions (101), and a light shielding layer (200). The plurality of light emitting regions (101) are provided on a first surface (for example, lower surface of FIG. 2) side of the substrate (100). The light shielding layer (200) is provided on a second surface side (for example, upper surface of FIG. 2) of the substrate (100). As shown in FIG. 2, the light shielding layer (200) is located between the plurality of light emitting regions (101) when seen from a direction perpendicular to the substrate (100). A light absorbing layer (204) is provided on a surface of the light shielding layer (200) which faces the substrate (100).

Abstract: An optical device (10) includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a conductive material. The second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. Apart of the second conductive film (130) comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). A plurality of concave portions are provided in a contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). The contact surface has a surface roughness greater than a surface roughness of a non-contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which does not come into contact with the first conductive film (110).

Abstract: An optical device includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110), which constitutes the joining structure, is constituted by a transparent conductive material and the like. The second conductive film (130), which constitutes the joining structure, is constituted by a metal material. A dispersing agent, which is constituted by a material different from the transparent conductive material, exists at a portion of the first conductive film (110) which is located at the periphery of the second conductive film (130).

Abstract: An optical device (10) has a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a transparent conductive material and the like. In addition, the second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. A transition region, in which the transparent conductive material and the metal material are mixed, exists between the first conductive film (110) and the second conductive film (130). The transparent conductive material includes, for example, a conductive polymer.

Abstract: A negative resist composition, which shows excellent sensitivity and resolution in pattern formation by exposure to electron beams or EUV, a novel crosslinking agent suitable for the resist composition, and a pattern forming method using the resist composition are presented. The negative resist composition comprises: (A) a polyphenol compound comprising two or more phenolic hydroxyl groups in a molecule thereof and having a molecular weight of 300 to 3,000, (B) an acid generator which directly or indirectly produces acid by exposure to active energy rays having a wavelength of 248 nm or less, and (C) a crosslinking agent represented by the chemical formula (1).

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus includes a transparent substrate made of glass material, for example, a first electrode layer formed on the substrate, a light emitting functional layer including organic material formed on the first electrode layer, a back surface electrode made of metallic material, for example, as a second electrode layer formed on the light emitting functional layer, and dot-shaped conductors arranged on the first electrode layer. The dot-shaped conductors made of low electric resistivity material are arranged at the first electrode layer. The combined resistance value of the transparent electrode and the plurality of dot-shaped conductors becomes lower than the resistance value of the transparent electrode alone. Therefore, voltage drop occurred at the transparent electrode can be effectively suppressed.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a negative resin composition which can produce a pattern with high sensitivity, high resolution and low line edge roughness in pattern formation by exposure to electron beams or EUV, a method for producing a relief pattern and an electronic component using the negative resist composition. Disclosed is a negative resist composition comprising a phenolic compound (A) which has: two or more phenolic hydroxyl groups per molecule; one or more substituents of one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of a hydroxymethyl group and an alkoxymethyl group per molecule in the ortho-position of any of the phenolic hydroxyl groups; and a molecular weight of 400 to 2,500, wherein the content of the phenolic compound (A) is 70% by weight or more of the total solid content of the negative resist composition.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus includes a transparent substrate made of glass material, for example, a first electrode layer formed on the substrate, a light emitting functional layer including organic material formed on the first electrode layer, a back surface electrode made of metallic material, for example, as a second electrode layer formed on the light emitting functional layer, and dot-shaped conductors arranged on the first electrode layer. The dot-shaped conductors made of low electric resistivity material are arranged at the first electrode layer, the combined resistance value of the transparent electrode and the plurality of dot-shaped conductors becomes lower than the resistance value of the transparent electrode alone. Therefore, voltage drop occurred at the transparent electrode can be effectively suppressed.

Abstract: The light emitting apparatus includes a transparent substrate made of glass material, for example, a first electrode layer (that is, a transparent electrode made of ITO and the like) formed on the substrate, a light emitting functional layer including organic material formed on the first electrode layer, a back surface electrode made of metallic material, for example, as a second electrode layer formed on the light emitting functional layer, and dot-shaped conductors arranged on the first electrode layer in which the dot-shaped conductors are arranged so that a plurality of dot-shaped conductors are respectively arranged to the individual first electrode layer in a state that the dot-shaped conductors are separated from one another and further the dot-shaped conductors made of low electric resistivity material are arranged at the first electrode layer, the combined resistance value of the transparent electrode and the plurality of dot-shaped conductors becomes lower than the resistance value of the transparen

Abstract: This disclosure provides a negative-working resist composition comprising a calix resorcinarene derivative (A) of specific structure, an acid generator (B) which directly or indirectly generates an acid when exposed to an active energy ray having a wavelength of 248 nm or less, and a cross-linking agent (C).