Abstract: A presence combining apparatus comprising collecting means for collecting the items of presence information managed in formats of the individual presence sources by connecting individually to a plurality of different presence sources that manage items of presence information indicating states of elements; converting means for converting the items of presence information collected by the collecting means into items of primary presence information in a common format that does not depend on the presence sources; storage means for storing the items of primary presence information obtained by conversion performed by the converting means; and generation means for generating secondary presence information by combining the items of primary presence information, which are stored by the storage means, in accordance with a rule.

Abstract: An induction system for a multi valve engine that facilitates operation in a lean burn mode over a large range of speeds and loads by employing a smaller cross sectional branch passages in several induction passages serving a common combustion chamber and a valve arrangement that progressively opens flow first through the branch passages and finally through both the main and branch passages so that maximum power can also be obtained.

Abstract: A storage unit manages a receiving order by storing a received call processing message. A retention unit retains key information, which is included in the call processing message, and element information, which is correlated to the key information and included in the call processing message, by updating the two pieces of information for every key information at every time when receiving the call processing message. A call processing execution unit carries out a call processing for each call processing message stored by the storage unit at a predetermined time interval in a lump based on the key information and element information stored by the retention unit.

Abstract: An induction system for a multi valve engine that facilitates operation in a lean burn mode over a large range of speeds and loads by employing a smaller cross sectional branch passages in several induction passages serving a common combustion chamber and a valve arrangement that progressively opens flow first through the branch passages and finally through both the main and branch passages so that maximum power can also be obtained.

Abstract: In a network including a plurality of exchanges, an exchange at an order request destination is specified from a maintenance terminal of an exchange at an order request source, and an order for performing maintenance and management is input. The OAM cell including the order is generated and transmitted as an ODR-OAM cell. The exchange specified with the ODR-OAM cell performs the process according to the order, and transmits the result of the process to the order request source by using an ODR-OAM cell. The order request source receives the result of the process, and maintains and manages the network. OAM cells in an ATM network are defined as OAM cells for a file update process. The first cell is an FVC-OAM cell for checking the version number of the system file of an exchange at an opposing exchange. The second cell is an FSP-OAM cell for preparing the start of the file update process. The third cell is an FIS-OAM cell for dividing a new file used for an update and carrying the file.

Abstract: An electronic device having operating buttons is provided. The operating buttons can be identified only by touching on the operating button even under a condition being incapable of visually recognizing such as a case of operating the operating buttons by a visual handicapped person, a case of operating the operating buttons in a dark place, or the like.

Abstract: An improved compact oil pump drive arrangement for an internal combustion engine having an auxiliary shaft that is driven by the crankshaft. The oil pump is driven by an oil pump drive shaft that is disposed between the auxiliary shaft and the crankshaft by a helical gear arrangement. The auxiliary drive shaft is also driven by a helical gear arrangement, and the helical gears on the auxiliary drive shaft are of appropriate hands so as to balance the axial thrusts on the auxiliary drive shaft.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of V-type internal combustion engines having an induction system which provides variable length sections for serving each combustion chamber, with each section being tuned to provide optimum charging efficiency for a different engine running speed. In addition, a flow-controlling valve is provided in the induction passages adjacent the combustion chamber and is movable between a nonrestricting flow position and a position wherein the flow is redirected to generate turbulence in the combustion chamber. The induction system is designed so as to provide a compact assembly and yet permit efficient induction and combustion under a wide range of engine speed and load conditions.

Abstract: A two-stage cam shaft drive arrangement for an internal combustion engine employing a pair of flexible transmitters. The two-stage mechanism is driven by an intermediate shaft that is driven off of the crankshaft at a point between its ends. Flexible transmitter tensioners are engaged with the flexible transmitters on the side away from the cylinder block for ease of accessibility and to maintain a more compact engine configuration.

Abstract: An improved water pump drive arrangement for an internal combustion engine, having an intermediate shaft. The water pump is driven from one of the flexible transmitters of the camshaft drive and is located in such an arrangement so as to function as an idler for the flexible transmitter and also to permit the water pump to be mounted at the end of the engine, although the flexible transmitters are spaced from the engine end.

Abstract: A compact arrangement for an inline multiple-cylinder engine for driving a pair of twin overhead camshafts. The camshafts are driven by a drive that includes an intermediate shaft and at least a portion of the drive and the intermediate shaft is accessible through one or more openings formed in the side of the engine body. A manifold is also provided on this side of the engine and is configured so that it does not substantially obstruct the openings.

Abstract: A multi-valve manifold injected internal combustion engine. The fuel injector has a spray pattern that is directed primarily toward each of the intake valve seats. An air control system is incorporated, however, that directs the airflow primarily toward the center intake valve seat under some running conditions so as to improve fuel stratification.

Abstract: An in-line type multi-cylinder, double overhead cam, internal combustion engine having a balancer shaft arrangement that is driven directly off the crankshaft at a point intermediate of the ends of the crankshaft. To permit a more compact engine assembly, the balancer shaft also functions as an accessory drive shaft for driving a number of accessories including the camshafts of the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an improved accessory drive arrangement. A number of the engine accessories is driven off of an intermediate shaft that is driven from the crankshaft between its ends and which permits the driving of accessories at points on this intermediate shaft that are spaced inwardly from the ends of the crankshaft to provide a more compact assembly. This facilitates mounting of the engine in transverse engine fashion in the engine compartment of a motor vehicle since the accessory drives do not increase the overall length of the engine, particularly at its upper end.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for a multi-valve internal combustion engine that includes an arrangement for controlling the fuel spray in response to engine load and speed. As a result, it is possible to obtain stratification under low-speed, low-load conditions and a homogeneous mixture under high-speed, high-load conditions.

Abstract: Several embodiments of variable camshaft timing means for twin overhead cam engines. There is provided a first timing altering means between the engine output shaft and one of the camshafts and a second timing altering means that is operative between the one camshaft and the other camshaft. Both timing altering means are operated by the same hydraulic pressure in several embodiments and a locking device is incorporated so as to avoid self-induced timing adjustment due to the change in driving loads.

Abstract: A V type engine embodying an improved oil separator for its crankcase ventilation system. The oil separator is contained within the valley between the banks of cylinders and has a simplified but effective arrangement for achieving separation.

Abstract: A cooling system and crankcase ventilating system for a V type internal combustion engine wherein the crankcase ventilating system includes a crankcase ventilating chamber that is positioned in the valley of the V of the engine. The cooling system includes a main coolant gallery that extends through the valley of the engine and is disposed between the crankcase ventilating chamber and the crankcase for cooling the crankcase ventilating gases. The main gallery also partially encircles the main oil gallery for cooling the lubricant.

Abstract: A cooling system and crankcase ventilating system for a V type internal combustion engine wherein the crankcase ventilating system includes a crankcase ventilating chamber that is positioned in the valley of the V of the engine. The cooling system includes a main coolant gallery that extends through the valley of the engine and is disposed between the crankcase ventilating chamber and the crankcase for cooling the crankcase ventilating gases. The main gallery also partially encircles the main oil gallery for cooling the lubricant.

Abstract: A V type engine embodying an improved oil separator for its crankcase ventilation system. The oil separator is contained within the valley between the banks of cylinders and has a simplified but effective arrangement for achieving separation.