Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus comprising a shiftable image bearing member, and an electrifying device adapted to electrify the image bearing member and having magnetic particles contacted with the image bearing member and a magnetic particle carrying device for magnetically holding and carrying the magnetic particles, and wherein a peak position of magnetic flux density of the magnetic particle carrying device near the image bearing member is located at a downstream side of a most approaching position between the magnetic particle carrying device and the image bearing member in a shifting direction of the image bearing member.

Abstract: To provide an image forming apparatus including: an image bearing member which is movable; an electrifying device which makes contact with the image bearing member and electrifies the image bearing member; a developing device for developing a latent image on the image bearing member by toner; and an abutting member which is provided on a downstream side in a moving direction of the image bearing member with respect to the electrifying device and the contacting portion of the image bearing member and abuts against the image bearing member, in which the image bearing member electrified by the electrifying device is exposed to have the latent image formed, a toner image formed on the image bearing member by the developing device is transferred to a recording material, and the developing device recovers residual toner on the image bearing member after transfer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous metallic ink composition having utility in ink for writing instruments, for printing, for coating, and the like. The composition includes a metallic powder pigment, a colorant, water, and a water-soluble organic solvent, and further includes a natural polysaccharide and at least one compound selected from cellulose derivatives, a cyclodextrin, cyclodextrin derivatives, a water-soluble soy polysaccharide, and water-soluble soy polysaccharide derivatives. In case that an anionic polymer is added as a pigment dispersant into the aqueous metallic pigment composition, the pH value is adjusted to 8.0-10.

Abstract: A water base erasable ink composition for use in marking pens which comprises:(a) water as a solvent;(b) a coloring agent;(c) an aqueous emulsion of at least one nonvolatile oily material which is liquid at room temperatures and is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic carboxylic acid esters, higher hydrocarbons and higher alcohols in a dry amount of 1-50% by weight;(d) a cyclodextrin or its derivative in an amount of 0.1-20% by weight; and(e) a resin which is film-forming at room temperatures.The ink composition has improved storability over a long period of time.

Abstract: A heat-sensitive stencil sheet consisting of a porous substrate and a thermoplastic film adhered to the substrate is provided without no use of an adhesive. The porous substrate comprises a screen cloth wholly or partially consisting of conjugate fibers (a sheath-core type or a side-by-side type) one exposed component of which has an affinity with the thermoplastic resin film and having a melting point lower than that of the other component of the conjugate fiber and lower than that of the thermoplastic resin, and the screen cloth is adhered to the thermoplastic resin film through the exposed component.

Abstract: A heat-sensitive stencil sheet consisting of a porous substrate and a thermoplastic film adhered to the substrate is provided without no use of an adhesive. The porous substrate comprises a screen cloth wholly or partially consisting of conjugate fibers (a sheath-core type or a side-by-side type) one exposed component of which has an affinity with the thermoplastic resin film and having a melting point lower than that of the other component of the conjugate fiber and lower than that of the thermoplastic resin, and the screen cloth is adhered to the thermoplastic resin film through the exposed component.

Abstract: A timer apparatus in which a stored reservation date to record a program and the present date are compared and when the reserved date is past the present date the reserved date is automatically changed to the nearest future date of the same day of the week, so that user efforts are simplified and required memory space is decreased. When it is necessary to make a change in the date or day of the week being displayed, by repeating a plurality of selected display patterns within a predetermined time period it appears to the user that the date or the day of the week is being continuously and sequentially changed at a high speed, whereas only the selected patterns are being sequentially displayed.

Abstract: A timer apparatus in which a stored reservation date to record a program and the present date are compared and when the reserved date is past the present date the reserved date is automatically changed to the nearest future date of the same day of the week, so that user efforts are simplified and required memory space is decreased. When it is necessary to make a change in the date or day of the week being displayed, by repeating a plurality of selected display patterns within a predetermined time period it appears to the user that the date or the day of the week is being continuously and sequentially changed at a high speed, whereas only the selected patterns are being sequentially displayed.