Abstract: A ceramic electronic device includes a multilayer chip in which each of a plurality of dielectric layers and each of a plurality of internal electrode layers are alternately stacked, the multilayer chip having a parallelepiped rectangular shape, the plurality of internal electrode layers being alternately exposed to two opposite faces of the multilayer chip, and two external electrodes that are formed respectively on the two opposite faces. The two external electrodes have a structure in which a plated layer is formed on a conductive thin film intermittently formed with a thickness of 0.1 µm or more and 1.5 µm or less.

Abstract: An odor is detected with high accuracy. A sensing system includes: a sensor apparatus including a filter to remove an odor-causing substance contained in air and a sensor unit including one or more detection elements to detect an amount of the odor-causing substance contained in air; and an information processing apparatus including a difference calculation unit to calculate a difference between a detection value of each of the one or more detection elements, the detection value indicating an amount of the odor-causing substance contained in air that has passed through the filter and a detection value of each of the one or more detection elements, the detection value indicating an amount of the odor-causing substance contained in air that has not passed through the filter, and a determination unit to determine an odor of air based on the calculated difference.

Abstract: [Object] To provide an arithmetic device, an arithmetic method, and a gas detection system that are capable of easily correcting deterioration over time of a detection element. [Solving Means] The arithmetic device includes a calculation unit. The calculation unit calculates a correction coefficient from a detection element that causes a resonant frequency change by adsorption of gas on the basis of a resonant frequency change amount associated with a humidity change of the detection element in a degraded state and a resonant frequency change amount associated with a humidity change of the detection element in an initial state that was acquired in advance, and corrects the resonant frequency change amount of the detection element in the degraded state by using the correction coefficient.

Abstract: A gas determination method uses a sensor having a field-effect transistor structure including a gate electrode, an insulating film formed on the gate electrode, a source electrode and a drain electrode formed on the insulating film, and a graphene layer formed on the insulating film and connecting the source electrode and the drain electrode to each other. The gas determination method includes: supplying gas to the graphene layer; applying a first voltage to the gate electrode for a predetermined period of time; and thereafter measuring a change in a current flowing between the source electrode and the drain electrode when a sweep voltage is applied to the gate electrode, repeating the same current measurement with a second voltage different from the first voltage, and determining the gas based on the measurement results.

Abstract: An air conditioning system includes: an air conditioner to regulate a state of air in a room; a sensor device including at least one detector to detect an amount of an odor-causing substance included in the air in the room; and a control device to control operation of the air conditioner. The control device includes: a first acquisition unit to acquire a detected value of each of the at least one detector at a first timing when a person is present in the room; a second acquisition unit to acquire a detected value of each of the at least one detector at a second timing later than the first timing; a difference calculator to calculate a difference between the detected value at the first timing and the detected value at the second timing; and an instruction unit to control operation of the air conditioner based on the difference.

Abstract: A sensing system includes: a first odor sensor including one or more detection elements respectively detecting an amount of an odor-causing substance or substances existing in air; a filter to remove the odor-causing substance existing in air; a second odor sensor including one or more detection elements respectively detecting an amount of the odor-causing substance or substances existing in air having passed through the filter; and one or more processor generating and outputting one or more detection signals by calculating a difference between one or more first output signals generated by the one or more detection elements of the first odor sensor and one or more second output signals generated by the one or more detection elements of the second odor sensor, the one or more processors generating and outputting odor information based on one or more waveforms of the generated one or more detection signals.

Abstract: An odor is detected with high accuracy. A sensing system includes: a sensor apparatus including a filter to remove an odor-causing substance contained in air and a sensor unit including one or more detection elements to detect an amount of the odor-causing substance contained in air; and an information processing apparatus including a difference calculation unit to calculate a difference between a detection value of each of the one or more detection elements, the detection value indicating an amount of the odor-causing substance contained in air that has passed through the filter and a detection value of each of the one or more detection elements, the detection value indicating an amount of the odor-causing substance contained in air that has not passed through the filter, and a determination unit to determine an odor of air based on the calculated difference.

Abstract: An air conditioning system includes: an air conditioner to regulate a state of air in a room; a sensor device including at least one detector to detect an amount of an odor-causing substance included in the air in the room; and a control device to control operation of the air conditioner. The control device includes: a first acquisition unit to acquire a detected value of each of the at least one detector at a first timing when a person is present in the room; a second acquisition unit to acquire a detected value of each of the at least one detector at a second timing later than the first timing; a difference calculator to calculate a difference between the detected value at the first timing and the detected value at the second timing; and an instruction unit to control operation of the air conditioner based on the difference.

Abstract: A gas sensor is equipped with a first detection element which has a first oscillator and a first adsorption film provided on the first oscillator to adsorb a specific gas, and changes its resonance frequency according to the adsorption of the gas; a second detection element which has a second oscillator and a second adsorption film provided on the second oscillator to adsorb moisture in the gas, and changes its resonance frequency according to the adsorption of the moisture; a third detection element which has a third oscillator, and changes its resonance frequency according to the temperature of the gas; and a computing unit which corrects the change in the resonance frequency of the first detection element based on the change in the resonance frequency of the second detection element and the change in the resonance frequency of the third detection element.

Abstract: An optical recording device that records to a multi-layer disk having multiple recording layers includes a controller which sets a data area in which user data is recorded, and a calibration area including a main calibration area and at least one sub-calibration area which are used to calibrate the intensity of laser light for recording, with the same layout among the plurality of recording layers, conducts first calibration for performing initial recording in the data area by using the main calibration area, records dummy data in the remainder of the main calibration area, and conducts second calibration for performing additional recording in the data area by using the sub-calibration area.

Abstract: An optical recording device that records to a multi-layer disk having multiple recording layers includes a controller which sets a data area in which user data is recorded, and a calibration area including a main calibration area and at least one sub-calibration area which are used to calibrate the intensity of laser light for recording, with the same layout among the plurality of recording layers, conducts first calibration for performing initial recording in the data area by using the main calibration area, records dummy data in the remainder of the main calibration area, and conducts second calibration for performing additional recording in the data area by using the sub-calibration area.

Abstract: An optical recording device for recording to a disk having a guide layer and a plurality of recording layers includes a controller which obtains, by calculation, logical addresses of data areas of all recording layers on the basis of physical addresses of a guide layer and recording layer information. Specifically, in treating the maximum value (last physical address) of physical addresses in the guide layer as PSN_max, recording layer information of recording layer Lx as x (x=0, 1, 2, . . . ), physical addresses corresponding to recording destination positions in the data area of recording layer Lx as PSN, and logical addresses imparted to data units recorded at recording destination positions in the data area of recording layer Lx as LSN, calculation for LSN=(PSN_max*x)+PSN . . . (1) is performed.

Abstract: A multi-layer recording medium is constituted by guide layer-equipped optical disks having a plurality of recording layers and guide layers are integrated by bonding said disks to one another so as to produce a double-sided disk, both sides of which may be used for recording. With regards to the lead-in areas for the guide layers of the guide layer-equipped optical disks for both sides, single-sided disks and double-sided disks are identified, and face-management information for identifying the side surfaces in the case of a double-sided disk is recorded in advance in said lead-in areas using wobbles or the like. As a result, the likelihood of the occurrence of defective products caused by the inability to read the face information can be reduced.

Abstract: A semiconductor device of this invention has an array of non-volatile memory cells, may operate immediately after power activation to write data on and read out the data without reading from an external portion. Further, this invention is free from the lithographic process of the phase-change layer on the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A semiconductor device of this invention has an array of non-volatile memory cells, may operate immediately after power activation to write data on and read out the data without reading from an external portion. Further, this invention is free from the lithographic process of the phase-change layer on the manufacturing process.

Abstract: An optical disc has a first transparent substrate, a second substrate, and at least a first and a second recording layer formed between the substrates. The first substrate has a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface is a beam incidence surface for a laser beam, the second surface having a first concave section and a first convex section formed adjacent to each other thereon, the first concave section being farther than the first convex section from the incidence surface, first pre-pits being formed on the first concave section. The second substrate has a second concave section and a second convex section formed adjacent to each other thereon, the second concave section being farther than the second convex section from the incidence surface, second pre-pits being formed on the second concave section, a top surface of each second pre-pit being closer than a top surface of the second convex section to the beam surface.

Abstract: A phase-change optical storage medium has a substrate and a recording layer having a plurality of tracks for storing information. A material of which the recording layer is made has been initialized in a crystalline state in which an amplitude of a tracking-detection signal is smaller than a saturation value of the amplitude, the tracking-detection signal being obtained by receiving a reflected beam from the recording layer when the recording layer is irradiated with a laser beam in an off-track state while the optical storage medium is being rotated.

Abstract: A phase-change optical storage medium has a substrate, and a recording layer, to be recorded on which is at least one recorded mark representing information to be recorded by irradiating a recording light beam onto the recording layer in accordance with a recording pulse pattern of recording pulses rising from an erasing power and formed between a recording power larger than the erasing power and a bottom power smaller than the erasing power and of erasing pulses rising from the bottom power to the erasing power. The expressions (1) and (2): 1.00<(R1/R0)<1.15 . . . (1), 1.05<(R9/R0)<1.20 . . .

Abstract: An optical disk has a first and a second intermediate disk structure. The first structure includes at least a first transparent substrate, a first recording layer, and a first reflective layer. The first substrate has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is a beam incidence surface for a laser beam in recording or reproduction of data. The second surface has a first concave section and a first convex section formed thereon. The first recording layer and the first reflective layer are stack in order on the second surface via the first concave and convex sections. The second structure includes at least a second substrate, a second reflective layer, and a second recording layer. The second substrate has a second concave section and a second convex section formed thereon. The second reflective layer and the second recording layer are stack in order on the second substrate via the second concave and convex sections.

Abstract: Information to be recorded is recorded in a recording layer of a phase-change optical storage medium. The information to be recorded is modulated to generate modulated data. Desired mark-length data is generated based on the modulated data. Generated further based on the mark-length data is a recording pulse pattern of recording pulses rising from an erasing power and formed between a recording power larger than the erasing power and a bottom power smaller than the erasing power and of erasing pulses rising from the bottom power to the erasing power. A recording light beam is then irradiated onto the recording layer in accordance with the recording pulse pattern to record at least one recorded mark representing the information to be recorded. Used in recording is an optimum erasing power, as the erasing power, the optimum erasing power satisfying an expression (1): 1.000<(R1/R0)<1.030 . . .