Abstract: In a piezoelectric element including, on a substrate in the following order, a lower electrode layer, a piezoelectric film, and an upper electrode layer, the upper electrode layer includes an oxide conductive layer, has an interface layer containing a constituent element of the oxide conductive layer and an OH group, between the piezoelectric film and the oxide conductive layer of the upper electrode layer, where the interface layer has an amorphous structure and has a thickness of 1 nm or more and 5 nm or less, and in a case where a peak intensity of binding energy derived from a 1s orbital of oxygen bonded to a metal is denoted as ?, and a peak intensity of binding energy derived from a 1s orbital of oxygen constituting the OH group is denoted as ?, a peak intensity ratio ?/? is 0.35 or more.

Abstract: A cleaning robot that comprises: a main case (2) having a suction port (6) opened in the lower surface thereof and an exhaust port (7) opened in the upper surface thereof, that is self-propelled on a floor surface (F); an electric fan (22) arranged inside the main case (2); a dust collection unit (30) arranged in the center of the main case (2), in a planar view, that collects dust in airflow sucked in from the suction port (6) by the driving force of the electric fan (22); and a battery (14) that supplies power to each section. The electric fan (22) is arranged on one side relative to the dust collection unit (30) and the battery (14) is arranged on the other side.

Abstract: Soyasapogenol B is biosynthesized via two steps of hydroxylation reaction of its precursor ?-amyrin. However, the gene of the hydroxylase concerned in this reaction has not been revealed. Therefore, it was impossible to apply a genetic engineering technique on the hydroxylase. The present inventors reveals that a sequence which corresponds to a soybean-derived cytochrome P-450 gene CYP93E1 encodes an enzyme protein that carries out hydroxylation of the 24-position of an oleanane type triterpene, and also provides a method for applying said gene making use of a genetic engineering technique.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnetic recording medium comprising a nonmagnetic layer comprising a nonmagnetic powder and a binder and a magnetic layer comprising a ferromagnetic powder and a binder in this order on a nonmagnetic support. The magnetic layer has a thickness ranging from 30 to 130 nm, and a glossiness of the magnetic layer surface ranges from 155 to 270 percent.

Abstract: Soyasapogenol B is biosynthesized via two steps of hydroxylation reaction of its precursor ?-amyrin. However, the gene of the hydroxylase concerned in this reaction has not been revealed. Therefore, it was impossible to apply a genetic engineering technique on the hydroxylase. The present inventors reveals that a sequence which corresponds to a soybean-derived cytochrome P-450 gene CYP93E1 encodes an enzyme protein that carries out hydroxylation of the 24-position of an oleanane type triterpene, and also provides a method for applying said gene making use of a genetic engineering technique.

Abstract: A troubleshooting apparatus, troubleshooting method and recording medium recorded with troubleshooting program, by which a cause of occurrence of exception occurred in a network computing environment can be promptly diagnosed, by bundlingly collecting the occurrence informations concerning the exceptions when the exception occurrence in the application program is detected.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to propose an account bankbook, a money transfer card, a receipt file, and a checkbook utilizing an optical card, an IC card, or a hybrid optical/IC card. On the surface of a resin card base board 1 are formed an IC chip 11, an optical recording sheet 13, a magnetic stripe 14, and an embossment 12. In a semiconductor memory within the IC chip 11 are written validation keys, search keys, payee information, the upper limit amount of a check, and a program for processing transaction data. Access restrictions corresponding to various applications are imposed upon these data. The history of various cash transactions is recorded in the optical recording sheet 13. These records are of write-once type and rewriting or deletion thereof is impossible.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to propose an account bankbook, a money transfer card, a receipt file, and a checkbook utilizing an optical card, an IC card, or a hybrid optical/IC card. On the surface of a resin card base board 1 are formed an IC chip 11, an optical recording sheet 13, a magnetic stripe 14, and an embossment 12. In a semiconductor memory within the IC chip 11 are written validation keys, search keys, payee information, the upper limit amount of a check, and a program for processing transaction data. Access restrictions corresponding to various applications are imposed upon these data. The history of various cash transactions is recorded in the optical recording sheet 13. These records are of write-once type and rewriting or deletion thereof is impossible.