Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a laser annealing method and apparatus capable of performing uniform beam emission. By means of the present invention, uniform beam application to a sample can be achieved because a linear cross-sectional configuration can be created in an optical system with a beam having a Gaussian distribution while areas of strong light intensity are avoided by rotating the beam from a laser light source at a prescribed angle by means of rotating means even when the beam pattern of the beam from the laser light source has a non-uniform intensity distribution.

Abstract: A laser irradiation apparatus having a low running cost compared to the conventional, and a laser irradiation method using the laser irradiation apparatus, are provided. Crystal grains having a size in the same order as, or greater than, conventional grains are formed. The cooling speed of a semiconductor film is made slower, and it becomes possible to form crystal grains having a grain size in the same order as, or greater than, the size of grains formed in the case of irradiating laser light having a long output time to the semiconductor film. This is achieved by delaying one laser light with respect to another laser light, combining the laser lights, and performing irradiation to the semiconductor film in the case of irradiating laser light using a solid state laser as a light source, which has a short output time.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a laser annealing method and apparatus capable of performing uniform beam emission. By means of the present invention, uniform beam application to a sample (50) can be achieved because a linear cross-sectional configuration can be created in an optical system (57) with a beam having a Gaussian distribution while areas of strong light intensity are avoided by rotating the beam (41) from a laser light source at a prescribed angle by means of rotating means (42) even when the beam pattern of the beam (41) from the laser light source has a nonuniform intensity distribution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laser irradiating apparatus which forms a laser beam having an improved and uniform energy distribution on or near its irradiation surface in case where a laser oscillator having a high coherence is used. The laser irradiating apparatus forms a laser beam having a cyclic energy distribution by intentionally forming interference fringes on or near the irradiation surface by utilizing a high coherence, so that the energy distribution of the laser beam is cyclically repeated. From a macro viewpoint, such a laser beam can be considered as having a uniform energy distribution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laser irradiating apparatus which forms a laser beam having an improved and uniform energy distribution on or near its irradiation surface in case where a laser oscillator having a high coherence is used. The laser irradiating apparatus forms a laser beam having a cyclic energy distribution by intentionally forming interference fringes on or near the irradiation surface by utilizing a high coherence, so that the energy distribution of the laser beam is cyclically repeated. From a macro viewpoint, such a laser beam can be considered as having a uniform energy distribution.

Abstract: A laser irradiation apparatus having a low running cost compared to the conventional, and a laser irradiation method using the laser irradiation apparatus, are provided. Crystal grains having a size in the same order as, or greater than, conventional grains are formed. The cooling speed of a semiconductor film is made slower, and it becomes possible to form crystal grains having a grain size in the same order as, or greater than, the size of grains formed in the case of irradiating laser light having a long output time to the semiconductor film. This is achieved by delaying one laser light with respect to another laser light, combining the laser lights, and performing irradiation to the semiconductor film in the case of irradiating laser light using a solid state laser as a light source, which has a short output time.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial tire has at least two belt layers disposed at a tread portion thereof, wherein the two belt layers are constituted by inclining a strip formed by aligning a plurality of reinforcing cords to a tire circumferential direction and extending it zigzag in the tire circumferential direction so that the strip is turned back from the lower belt layer to the upper belt layer at both end portions of the two belt layers, and zone portions in which the reinforcing cords incline to the right in the tire circumferential direction and the zone portions in which the reinforcing cords incline to the left in the tire circumferential direction are alternately arranged.