Abstract: An electrical junction box for a vehicle includes a bus bar, and the bus bar is provided with a through hole for transferring the bus bar. The bus bar can be efficiently transferred by engaging hooks provided at a leading end of a pin chuck device with the transfer through hole, for example.

Abstract: A spark plug for an internal combustion engine is provided which includes a hollow cylindrical metal shell with an open end portion to be exposed to a combustion chamber of the engine, a ground electrode joined to the metal shell, a center electrode disposed in the metal housing to define a spark gap between itself and the ground electrode. The spark plug also includes a stream shaper or a stream reflector geometrically formed on the metal shell and/or the porcelain insulator to shape a vortex steam of air-fuel mixture into a stream thereof which is oriented outside the spark plug or serves to decrease the amount of the air-fuel mixture into a pocket between the metal shell and the porcelain insulator. This ensures the stability of ignition of the air-fuel mixture.

Abstract: A spark plug for an internal combustion engine and related manufacturing method are disclosed having a metal shell, a porcelain insulator, a center electrode and a ground electrode. The center electrode includes a substantially columnar shaped base material body, and a substantially square shaped rod-like Ir alloy tip bonded to a leading end portion of the base material body. The leading end portion has a diameter D2 smaller than a diameter D1 of the base material body. The Ir alloy tip has a square shape with a long diagonal line supposed to form a diameter A of a circumscribed circle CA of the Ir alloy tip whose inscribed circle CB is coaxial with the circumscribed circle CA and has a diameter B, with four diameters A, B, D1 and D2 lay in the relationship expressed as D1>A>D2>B.

Abstract: A spark plug for an internal combustion engine is provided which includes a hollow cylindrical metal shell with an open end portion to be exposed to a combustion chamber of the engine, a ground electrode joined to the metal shell, a center electrode disposed in the metal housing to define a spark gap between itself and the ground electrode. The spark plug also includes a stream shaper or a stream reflector geometrically formed on the metal shell and/or the porcelain insulator to shape a vortex steam of air-fuel mixture into a stream thereof which is oriented outside the spark plug or serves to decrease the amount of the air-fuel mixture into a pocket between the metal shell and the porcelain insulator. This ensures the stability of ignition of the air-fuel mixture.

Abstract: A spark plug for an internal combustion engine and related manufacturing method are disclosed having a metal shell, a porcelain insulator, a center electrode and a ground electrode. The center electrode includes a substantially columnar shaped base material body, and a substantially square shaped rod-like Ir alloy tip bonded to a leading end portion of the base material body. The leading end portion has a diameter D2 smaller than a diameter D1 of the base material body. The Ir alloy tip has a square shape with a long diagonal line supposed to form a diameter A of a circumscribed circle CA of the Ir alloy tip whose inscribed circle CB is coaxial with the circumscribed circle CA and has a diameter B, with four diameters A, B, D1 and D2 lay in the relationship expressed as D1>A>D2>B.

Abstract: A spark plug and a method of manufacturing same is provided a spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising, a center electrode 2, a ground electrode 3 is formed a spark discharge gap G with the center electrode 2, a housing welded to the end portion 31 of the ground electrode 3. The surface of the housing 4 is formed a plated layer 5 whose melting point is lower than the melting point of the housing 4 and is lower than the melting point of the ground electrode 3. There is substantially no the plated layer 5 on a junction boundary face between the housing 4 and the ground electrode 3. The burr including constituents of the plated layer 5 lies next to the junction boundary face 11.

Abstract: A hologram screen 1 displays an image by diffracting and scattering image light 31 projected from an image projection apparatus 2. An upward/downward light scattering device 13, which scatters light incident from an upward/downward specific angle range spreading obliquely upward or downward, is placed on the image projection apparatus side of a hologram device 12 in the hologram screen 1. A leftward/rightward light scattering device 14, which scatters light incident from a leftward/rightward specific angle range spreading obliquely leftward and rightward, is placed between the hologram device 12 and the scattering device 13. The construction is such that the upward/downward specific angle range contains the incidence angle of the image light 31 on the hologram screen 1, and thus provides a hologram screen having good color reproducibility and which permits viewing of the background.

Abstract: In a hologram screen for reproducing an image based on an output light obtained by scattering and diffusing an image light from an image projector, when a white light (image light) is projected on the hologram screen; and when a distance between two points at optional two points A and B on a surface of the hologram screen is given by 20 cm or less, and a value of the CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinate (u?, v?) at the point A is given by (u?A, v?A) and the value of the CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinate (u?, v?) at the point B is given by (u?B, v?B); the output light perpendicularly from the surface of the hologram screen has a color distribution in which a color difference ?u?v?between two points A and B is derived from the following formula (1) and given by 0.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a hologram screen having a large visual range and a hologram imaging apparatus used for the particular method of fabricating the hologram screen are disclosed. A plurality of mirrors (3) extended toward a plurality of photosensitive members (5) are arranged at a plurality of end portions (21), respectively, of a light diffuser (2). At least a reference beam (41) and object beams (42) passed through the light diffuser (2) are radiated on a plurality of the photosensitive members (5) individually thereby to form a plurality of holograms. These holograms are integrated with each other by being arranged two-dimensionally thereby to fabricate a hologram screen. Among the mirrors (3), a reference beam-side mirror (31) arranged nearer to the light source of the reference beams (41) is extended from the light diffuser (2) by a length varied with the position of the photosensitive member (5) to be exposed.

Abstract: In a hologram screen for reproducing an image based on an output light obtained by scattering and diffusing an image light from an image projector, when a white light (image light) is projected on the hologram screen; and when a distance between two points at optional two points A and B on a surface of the hologram screen is given by 20 cm or less, and a value of the CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinate (u′, v′) at the point A is given by (u′A, v′A) and the value of the CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinate (u′, v′) at the point B is given by (u′B, v′B); the output light perpendicularly from the surface of the hologram screen has a color distribution in which a color difference &Dgr;u′v′ between two points A and B is derived from the following formula (1) and given by 0.

Abstract: In a hologram screen for reproducing an image based on an output light obtained by scattering and diffusing an image light from an image projector, when a white light (image light) is projected on the hologram screen; and when a distance between two points at optional two points A and B on a surface of the hologram screen is given by 20 cm or less, and a value of the CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinate (u′, v′) at the point A is given by (u′A, v′A) and the value of the CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinate (u′, v′) at the point B is given by (u′B, v′B); the output light perpendicularly from the surface of the hologram screen has a color distribution in which a color difference &Dgr;u′v′between two points A and B is derived from the following formula (1) and given by 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram screen which is capable of preventing separation, and damage to, a hologram film and which permits the hologram film to be reused easily. The present invention relates to a hologram screen that is comprised of a hologram film having the function of diffracting the light projected from a projector, and first and second transparent members that together sandwich the hologram film from the front and back surfaces thereof so as to cover the same.

Abstract: In a hologram screen for reproducing an image based on an output light obtained by scattering and diffusing an image light from an image projector, when a white light (image light) is projected on the hologram screen; and when a distance between two points at optional two points A and B on a surface of the hologram screen is given by 20 cm or less, and a value of the CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinate (u′, v′) at the point A is given by (u′A, v′A) and the value of the CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinate (u′, v′) at the point B is given by (u′B, v′B); the output light perpendicularly from the surface of the hologram screen has a color distribution in which a color difference &Dgr;u′v′ between two points A and B is derived from the following formula (1) and given by 0.

Abstract: In a hologram screen for reproducing an image based on an output light obtained by scattering and diffusing an image light from an image projector, when a white light (image light) is projected on the hologram screen; and when a distance between two points at optional two points A and B on a surface of the hologram screen is given by 20 cm or less, and a value of the CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinate (u′, v′) at the point A is given by (u′A, v′A) and the value of the CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinate (u′, v′) at the point B is given by (u′B, v′B); the output light perpendicularly from the surface of the hologram screen has a color distribution in which a color difference &Dgr;u′v′ between two points A and B is derived from the following formula (1) and given by 0.

Abstract: A display apparatus according to one aspect of the first invention includes: an irradiating unit for generating signal light which records information to be displayed; a light-transmitting type screen (or hologram screen) which transmits the signal light input by the irradiating unit to an observer; and a reflection preventing member provided to either both sides, i.e., observer's side and rear side, or any one side, of the light-transmitting type screen (or hologram screen).

Abstract: A method for producing a hologram recording an interference fringe formed by an object light and a reference light on a photosensitive dry plate, and the object light either having diffusing and scattering characteristics or being passed through an optical diffusion body, mainly includes the following steps: In a first step, a ratio &eegr;R0/&eegr;00 of a first diffraction efficiency &eegr;00 and a second diffraction efficiency &eegr;R0, is calculated. The diffraction efficiency &eegr;00 is dependent on two object light beams. The efficiency &eegr;R0 is dependent on the object light and the reference light. In a second step, the intensity E0 of the object light and the intensity ER of the reference light is adjusted in such a way that the ratio &eegr;R0/&eegr;00 is set to at least 10 and the efficiency &eegr;00 does not exceed 5%.

Abstract: A hologram screen 1 for displaying an image by diffracting and scattering image light 31 projected from an image projection apparatus 2. An upward/downward light scattering device 13 for scattering light incident from at least one upward/downward specific angle range spreading obliquely upward or obliquely downward is placed on the image projection apparatus side of a hologram device 12 in the hologram screen 1, and a leftward/rightward light scattering device 14 for scattering light incident from a leftward/rightward specific angle range spreading obliquely leftward and obliquely rightward is placed between the hologram device 12 and the upward/downward light scattering device 13 or on the image projection apparatus side of the upward/downward light scattering device 13.

Abstract: In a hologram screen for reproducing an image based on an output light obtained by scattering and diffusing an image light from an image projector, when a white light (image light) is projected on the hologram screen; and when a distance between two points at optional two points A and B on a surface of the hologram screen is given by 20 cm or less, and a value of the CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinate (u′, v′) at the point A is given by (u′A, v′A) and the value of the CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinate (u′, v′) at the point B is given by (u′B, v′B); the output light perpendicularly from the surface of the hologram screen has a color distribution in which a color difference &Dgr;u′v′ between two points A and B is derived from the following formula (1) and given by 0.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a hologram screen having a large visual range and a hologram imaging apparatus used for the particular method of fabricating the hologram screen are disclosed. A plurality of mirrors (3) extended toward a plurality of photosensitive members (5) are arranged at a plurality of end portions (21), respectively, of a light diffuser (2). At least a reference beam (41) and object beams (42) passed through the light diffuser (2) are radiated on a plurality of the photosensitive members (5) individually thereby to form a plurality of holograms. These holograms are integrated with each other by being arranged two-dimensionally thereby to fabricate a hologram screen. Among the mirrors (3), a reference beam-side mirror (31) arranged nearer to the light source of the reference beams (41) is extended from the light diffuser (2) by a length varied with the position of the photosensitive member (5) to be exposed.

Abstract: A method for producing a hologram recording an interference fringe formed by an object light and a reference light on a photosensitive dry plate, and the object light either having diffusing and scattering characteristics or being passed through an optical diffusion body, mainly includes the following steps: In a first step, a ratio &eegr;R0/&eegr;00 of a first diffraction efficiency &eegr;00 and a second diffraction efficiency &eegr;R0, is calculated. The diffraction efficiency &eegr;00 is dependent on two object light beams. The efficiency &eegr;R0 is dependent on the object light and the reference light. In a second step, the intensity E0 of the object light and the intensity ER of the reference light is adjusted in such a way that the ratio &eegr;R0/&eegr;00 is set to at least 10 and the efficiency &eegr;00 does not exceed 5%.