Abstract: Provided is an optimization system capable of creating a large amount of data for optimization and specifying values of control variables in order to acquire an optimum result in consideration of uncertainty of predictive values. A simulation means 2 is given a model which is information modeling an object to be analyzed therein and including a parameter containing predictive values and their error ranges, control variables and an objective variable, determines values of the control variables per simulation for specifying a value of the objective variable, and conducts simulation multiple times based on the model. Further, the simulation means 2 determines definite values of the predictive values based on a random number and the parameter per simulation, and conducts simulation by use of values of the control variables and definite values of the predictive values. A control variable value specification means 3 specifies values of the control variables when the objective variable takes an optimum value.

Abstract: A method for producing a toner particle include: (a) mixing a binder resin A, resin fine particles containing a resin B, a resin C, an organic solvent, and carbon dioxide, thereby forming a droplet of a resin solution containing the binder resin A, covered with the resin fine particles; (b) applying a pressure by introducing carbon dioxide, thereby precipitating the resin C at the surface of the droplet; and (c) passing carbon dioxide so as to remove the organic solvent from the droplet with the carbon dioxide. The resin C has an organic polysiloxane structure and a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000. The ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight of the resin C is not more than 5.0. The proportion of the resin C to the rein fine particles is 5.0% by mass to 50.0% by mass.

Abstract: A method of producing a toner including the steps of: mixing resin fine particles, an organic solvent, and a resin R with a dispersion medium containing carbon dioxide, to prepare a dispersion of resin R-containing droplets; and removing the organic solvent by flowing carbon dioxide, wherein the resin fine particles contain one or more resins that have a partial structure A, B, and C, and are soluble in chloroform; the SP value of the partial structure A, the resin R, and the partial structure B satisfy particular relationships; a resin A constituted of the partial structure A and a resin B constituted of the partial structure B are soluble in the organic solvent; and a resin C constituted of the partial structure C is insoluble in the organic solvent.

Abstract: An effective cooling system is provided by the configuration including: a blower; a first rectifier comprising a first opening that lets a first diversion pass through and a second opening that lets a second diversion divided from airflow pass through downstream a first electronic device; a mixing room that is arranged at a downstream portion of the first rectifier and that mixes the first diversion having passed through the first opening and the second diversion having passed through the second opening; and a second rectifier that is arranged at a downstream portion of the mixing room and includes a third opening and a fourth opening, a mixed airflow of the first diversion and the second diversion passing through the third opening and the fourth opening.

Abstract: A visualization device includes: an evaluation index calculation unit 11 which calculates the value of an evaluation index representing a feature degree for each of combinations of a first attribute group and a second attribute group in terms of data on the second attribute group including one or more attributes and conditioned with the first attribute group including one or more attributes among high-dimensional data to be visualized; and a visualization processing unit 12 which generates image information for presenting combinations of the first attribute group and the second attribute group, which are determined to have large evaluation index values based on a predetermined criterion.

Abstract: A toner includes toner particles which contain a binder resin, a colorant, a wax, and a resin A having an organic polysiloxane structure; the amount of Si atoms of the toner particles is 4.5 to 10.0; in an analysis of a cross-section of each toner particle, in a surface layer region R from the periphery of the cross-section of the toner particle to the inside at a distance of 10.0% of the particle diameter in the cross-section of the toner particle, the content of Si atoms derived from the organic polysiloxane structure is 90.0% or more with respect to the total amount of Si atoms contained in the toner particle; and in a line analysis along a straight line between the periphery of the surface layer region R and a gravity center of the cross-section, an intensity count of Si atoms in the toner particle satisfies formula Si0>Si1>Si2>Si3?0.

Abstract: A substrate (100) transmits visible light. Plural light-emitting regions (142) are located on the substrate (100) and are aligned in a first direction. A non-light-emitting region (144) is provided in each area between the plural light-emitting regions (142) and transmits visible light. Moreover, the light-emitting region (142) includes plural light-emitting units (140). The light-emitting units (140) are aligned in the first direction. In addition, each light-emitting unit (140) includes a first electrode (110), an organic layer (120), and a second electrode (130). The organic layer (120) is formed between the first electrode (110) and the second electrode (130).

Abstract: A toner includes toner particles which contain a binder resin, a colorant, a wax, and a resin A having an organic polysiloxane structure; the amount of Si atoms of the toner particles is 4.5 to 10.0; in an analysis of a cross-section of each toner particle, in a surface layer region R from the periphery of the cross-section of the toner particle to the inside at a distance of 10.0% of the particle diameter in the cross-section of the toner particle, the content of Si atoms derived from the organic polysiloxane structure is 90.0% or more with respect to the total amount of Si atoms contained in the toner particle; and in a line analysis along a straight line between the periphery of the surface layer region R and a gravity center of the cross-section, an intensity count of Si atoms in the toner particle satisfies formula Si0>Si1>Si2>Si3?0.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a charged particle beam device, wherein the positional relationship between reflected electron detection elements and a sample and the vacuum state of the sample surroundings are evaluated to select automatically a reflected electron detection element appropriate for acquiring an intended image. In this charged particle beam device, all the reflected electron detection elements are selected when the degree of vacuum inside the sample chamber is high and the sample is distant from the reflected electron detectors, while a reflected electron detection element appropriate for acquiring a compositional image or a height map image is selected when the degree of vacuum inside the sample chamber is high and the sample is close to the reflected electron detectors. When the degree of vacuum inside the sample chamber is low, all the reflected electron detection elements are selected.

Abstract: A method of producing a toner containing a toner particle, including the steps of: a) preparing a resin solution by mixing a resin A and an organic solvent, b) mixing the resin solution, a resin fine particle containing a resin B, and a dispersion medium to form a droplet of the resin solution whose surface has been covered with the resin fine particle, and c) removing the organic solvent in the droplet, in which the resin B is a polymer of a monomer composition containing a monomer X having polymerizable unsaturated groups at the both ends; the monomer X has a peak molecular weight of 5,000 to 50,000; the content of the monomer X is 0.10% to 3.00% by mol; and the following formula (1) is satisfied, |SPX?SPA|?2.0??(1) where SPA and SPX represent solubility parameters of the resin A and the monomer X, respectively.

Abstract: Provided is a toner, comprising a toner particle having a core-shell structure composed of a core particle and a shell phase on a surface of the core particle, the core particle containing a resin X and a colorant, the shell phase being derived from a resin fine particle containing a resin Y, in which a relationship among a SP value of the resin X, a SP value of the resin Y, and a SP value of an organic solvent falls within a specific range, and a relationship between a number-average particle diameter of the resin fine particle when the resin fine particle is dispersed in water and a number-average particle diameter of the resin fine particle when the resin fine particle is dispersed in the organic solvent falls within a specific range.

Abstract: A method for producing a toner particle include: (a) mixing a binder resin A, resin fine particles containing a resin B, a resin C, an organic solvent, and carbon dioxide, thereby forming a droplet of a resin solution containing the binder resin A, covered with the resin fine particles; (b) applying a pressure by introducing carbon dioxide, thereby precipitating the resin C at the surface of the droplet; and (c) passing carbon dioxide so as to remove the organic solvent from the droplet with the carbon dioxide. The resin C has an organic polysiloxane structure and a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000. The ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight of the resin C is not more than 5.0. The proportion of the resin C to the rein fine particles is 5.0% by mass to 50.0% by mass.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oxide-base scintillator single crystal having an extremely large energy of light emission, adoptable to X-ray CT and radioactive ray transmission inspection apparatus, and more specifically to provide a Pr-containing, garnet-type oxide single crystal, a Pr-containing perovskite-type oxide single crystal, and a Pr-containing silicate oxide single crystal allowing detection therefrom light emission supposedly ascribable to 5d-4f transition of Pr.

Abstract: Provided is a toner including toner particle, the toner particle having a core-shell structure having: a core containing a core resin, a colorant, and a wax; and a shell layer containing a resin “A” on a surface of the core, in which: the resin “A” contains a segment having an organopolysiloxane structure; the toner particle has an amount of Si derived from the organopolysiloxane structure of 6.0 or more and 10.0 or less, the amount of Si being measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; the resin “A” is a polymer of a monomer composition containing a monomer “a” having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule thereof; and the monomer “a” satisfies the following formula (1). (Xa?1.0)×Ya?3.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin that comprises a crystalline resin, wherein the toner satisfies the following formulas (1) and (2) in DSC measurement of the toner, 50.0?Tt?80.0??formula (1) 0.00??HT?t-3/?H?0.20??formula (2) where Tt [° C.] is the peak temperature of the endothermic peak P1, ?H [J/g] is the endothermic quantity from a temperature lower than T?t by 20.0° C. to a temperature higher than T?t by 10.0° C. when T?t [° C.] is the peak temperature of the endothermic peak P 2, and ?H T?t-3 [J/g] is the endothermic quantity from a temperature lower than T?t by 20.0° C. to a temperature lower than T?t by 3.0° C.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a toner including the steps of: mixing a resin solution comprising a resin R, a colorant, and an organic solvent, a resin fine particle comprising a resin S containing an element ?, and carbon dioxide to form a droplet having a surface covered with the resin fine particle; introducing carbon dioxide in a liquid state and pressurizing to extract the organic solvent in the droplet; and removing the extracted organic solvent together with the carbon dioxide to provide a toner particle. In the method of producing a toner, when the resin fine particle is treated with the carbon dioxide in a liquid state, a change in amount of the element ? on the surface of the resin fine particle after the treatment as compared to the amount before the treatment falls within a specific range.

Abstract: A method of producing a toner includes preparing a resin solution containing a binder resin, a colorant and an organic solvent; forming a droplet, a surface of the droplet being covered with a resin fine particle L1; introducing a resin fine particle L2; pressuring by introducing carbon dioxide, and extracting the organic solvent in the droplet; and obtaining the toner particle by removing the carbon dioxide together with the extracted organic solvent, wherein the SP value of the resin R1 constituting the resin fine particle L1 and the SP value of the resin R2 constituting the resin fine particle L2 are each within a specific range.

Abstract: A substrate (100) is a light-transmitting substrate. A light-emitting unit (140) includes a first electrode (110), an organic layer (120), and a second electrode (130). In addition, a light-emitting device (10) includes a first region (102), a second region (104), and a third region (106). The first region (102) is a region overlapping a second electrode (130). In a case where the second electrode (130) has light shielding characteristics, the first region (102) is a region through which light does not pass. The second region (104) is a region including an insulating film (150) among regions between a plurality of light-emitting units (140). The third region (106) is a region which does not include the insulating film (150) among the regions between a plurality of light-emitting units (140). A width of the second region (104) is smaller than a width of the third region (106).

Abstract: A method of producing a toner containing a toner particle having a core-shell structure that has a core containing a resin and has a shell phase on a surface of the core, the shell phase being derived from a resin fine particle containing a resin A, and the resin A being a resin containing a segment derived from a crystalline polymer D, the method including steps (i), (ii) and (iii).

Abstract: A method of producing a toner containing a toner particle, including the steps of: a) preparing a resin solution by mixing a resin A and an organic solvent, b) mixing the resin solution, a resin fine particle containing a resin B, and a dispersion medium to form a droplet of the resin solution whose surface has been covered with the resin fine particle, and c) removing the organic solvent in the droplet, in which the resin B is a polymer of a monomer composition containing a monomer X having polymerizable unsaturated groups at the both ends; the monomer X has a peak molecular weight of 5,000 to 50,000; the content of the monomer X is 0.10% to 3.00% by mol; and the following formula (1) is satisfied, |SPX?SPA|?2.0??(1) where SPA and SPX represent solubility parameters of the resin A and the monomer X, respectively.