Abstract: The packing has one or more thin-layer packing elements that are installed upright, the packing element having a main body portion with a planar liquid film formation surface, and one or more wall portions that are provided upright relative to the liquid film formation surface along a linear direction. The side surface of each wall portion has a curved portion at the base thereof connected to the liquid film formation surface, the curved portion curving so as to continue into the liquid film formation surface.

Abstract: A packing for gas-liquid contact has at least one packing element of a thin layer shape, placed in a standing position. The packing element has a main body portion having a planar liquid film-forming surface extending along a liquid flow direction, and at least one wall portion provided to stand relative to the liquid film-forming surface and extending along the liquid flow direction. The wall portion has a side surface inclined at a predetermined angle to the liquid film-forming surface in a surface position of a liquid film to be formed by a liquid on the liquid film-forming surface.

Abstract: A packing for gas-liquid contact has at least one packing element of a thin layer shape, placed in a standing position. The packing element has a main body portion having a planar liquid film-forming surface extending along a liquid flow direction, and at least one wall portion provided to stand relative to the liquid film-forming surface and extending along the liquid flow direction. The wall portion has a side surface inclined at a predetermined angle to the liquid film-forming surface in a surface position of a liquid film to be formed by a liquid on the liquid film-forming surface.

Abstract: The packing has one or more thin-layer packing elements that are installed upright, the packing element having a main body portion with a planar liquid film formation surface, and one or more wall portions that are provided upright relative to the liquid film formation surface along a linear direction. The side surface of each wall portion has a curved portion at the base thereof connected to the liquid film formation surface, the curved portion curbing so as to continue into the liquid film formation surface.

Abstract: An exhaust gas control apparatus for an internal combustion engine, including a three-way catalyst, a NOX storage-reduction catalyst, a rich controlling mechanism performing control to make an air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas rich to reduce NOX stored in the NOX storage-reduction catalyst, and a control performing control to ensure that a NOX purifying component is present in the NOX storage-reduction catalyst when reducing the NOX.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control apparatus controls an internal combustion engine including: an exhaust passage including branch portions provided for the left and right banks and a common portion in which an exhaust gas purification device is provided; and a fuel supply system that supplies fuel to the respective engine cylinders. In the internal combustion engine, in order to recover the exhaust gas purification device, a bank control is executed in which the air-fuel ratio of the cylinders of the left bank is made rich while the air-fuel ratio of the cylinders of the right bank is made lean. The internal combustion engine is capable of running on alcohol-containing fuel and has an alcohol concentration sensor. The amount of unburned fuel to be supplied to the exhaust gas purification device during the bank control is adjusted based on the alcohol concentration in fuel.

Abstract: An exhaust purification system for an internal combustion engine has a hydrogen concentration sensor (2) disposed upstream of a catalytic converter (1) in the engine exhaust system to detect a hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas. An optimum combustion air-fuel ratio is then estimated based on the detected hydrogen concentration.

Abstract: A highly corrosion-resistant, rust-prevention coating material comprising: an inorganic binder; and Zn metal particles comprised of Zn and unavoidable impurities and dispersed in the binder at the rate of 30 mass % or greater based on a dry coating film, wherein (i) the Zn metal particles include (i-1) fine-grain Zn metal particles of 0.05 to 5 ?m peak grain diameter whose grain-diameter distribution has a grain-diameter frequency distribution with a single peak and a tail on either side of the peak and (i-2) coarse-grain Zn metal particles of 6 to 100 ?m peak grain diameter whose grain-diameter distribution has a grain-diameter frequency distribution with another single peak and a tail on either side of the peak, and wherein (ii) the percentage of all Zn metal particles accounted for by Zn metal particles of 0.05 to 5 ?m grain diameter expressed in volume percentage is 5 to 99%.

Abstract: Zn alloy particles for high corrosion resistance rust prevention paint containing, by mass %, Mg: 0.01 to 30% and having a balance of Zn and unavoidable impurities, having physical fracture facets and/or cracks of a length of 0.01 ?m or more or cracks of a depth of 0.01 ?m or more, having an average particle size of 0.05 to 200 ?m, and having an aspect ratio of maximum size and minimum size (maximum size/minimum size) of an average value of 1 to 1.5. Also, a high corrosion resistance rust prevention paint containing these Zn alloy particles and a high corrosion resistance steel material and steel structure coated with that paint.

Abstract: A catalyst deterioration judgment device that can accurately perform a catalyst deterioration judgment by considering an oxygen density at downstream of an exhaust purification catalyst. The system reads outputs of an oxygen sensor and an ammonia sensor that are installed in downstream of an NSR catalyst when the catalyst is in an activate condition. When this read oxygen sensor output is equal to or more than a reference value and the ammonia sensor output is equal to or more than a reference value, it is estimated that ammonia oxidizing reaction does not occur under existence of oxygen in the NSR catalyst. In this case, the NSR catalyst is judged to be deteriorated.

Abstract: Corrosion-resistant steel for chimney/flue use in natural gas-fired or liquefied petroleum gas-fired plants, containing C: 0.005% to 0.030%, Si: 0.18% to 0.50%, Mn: 1.50% to less than 3.00, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.0050% or less, Cr: 4.0% to 9.0%, Al: 0.20% to 1.50%, and N: 0.020% or less and able to prevent advanced pitting or other localized corrosion and the resultant hole formation and rust aerial dispersal is provided.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to prevent components such as NOx and H2S being emitted when starting a vehicle and improve exhaust emissions by utilizing information of a navigation system. A navigation system mounted in the vehicle is connected to an ECU. The ECU predicts whether a stopping time of the internal combustion engine is near based on the current position and travel history of the vehicle obtained from the navigation system. When a stopping time is near, the ECU executes rich spike control prior to the stopping time to thereby perform a regeneration process of the NOx catalyst. Thus, NOx components or sulfur components remaining in the catalyst can be eliminated before stopping the internal combustion engine. Accordingly, even if warming up is performed when the engine is next started, emission of NOx or hydrogen sulfide can be avoided.

Abstract: In an exhaust purification device of an internal combustion engine, a pair of upstream side NOx storage catalysts storing NOx contained in the exhaust gas when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is lean and releasing the stored NOx when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas becomes the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich are arranged inside an engine exhaust passage. At the downstream side of the upstream side NOx storage catalysts, a downstream side NOx storage catalyst is arranged. The upstream side NOx storage catalysts and downstream side NOx storage catalyst are formed so that the spatial velocity in the downstream side NOx storage catalyst becomes larger than the spatial velocities in the upstream side storage catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a steel for a welded structure to be used for a crude oil tank that exhibits excellent general and local corrosion resistance in crude oil corrosion caused in a steel oil tank and is capable of suppressing the formation of corrosion products (sludge) containing solid sulfur; a method for producing said steel; a crude oil tank; and a method for preventing a crude oil tank against corrosion. The present invention makes it possible to obtain general and local corrosion resistance in a crude oil tank environment and suppress the formation of corrosion products (sludge) containing solid sulfur by using a steel: containing, in mass, 0.001 to 0.2% C, 0.01 to 2.5% Si, 0.1 to 2% Mn, 0.03% or less P, 0.007% or less S, 0.01 to 1.5% Cu, 0.001 to 0.3% Al, 0.001 to 0.01% N as basic components and, further, 0.01 to 0.2% Mo and/or 0.01 to 0.5% W; and preferably satisfying the following expression; Solute Mo+Solute W?0.005%.

Abstract: An upstream catalyst and a downstream catalyst are arranged in series and are housed in a common casing disposed in an engine exhaust passage. The upstream catalyst including a NOx storage-reduction catalyst that adsorbs NOx contained in incoming exhaust gas when the air-fuel ratio of the incoming exhaust gas is lean, and releases and reduces the adsorbed NOx when the air-fuel ratio of the incoming exhaust gas becomes rich, and the downstream catalyst includes a three-way catalyst. The upstream catalyst has a higher oxidizing capability than the downstream catalyst, and the downstream catalyst has a higher reducing capability than the upstream catalyst. The upstream catalyst has a multi-layer structure including an upper layer and a lower layer, and is prepared such that the upper layer has a higher oxidizing capability than the lower layer, and the lower layer has a higher reducing capability than the upper layer.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine exhaust gas purification apparatus purifies exhaust gas using a NOx storage-reduction catalyst unit and a NOx selective reduction catalyst unit. The NOx selective reduction catalyst unit is provided downstream of the NOx storage-reduction catalyst unit in an exhaust gas passage. An urea injecting mechanism, for example an injection valve, injects urea into the exhaust gas passage. An urea injection controller prohibits urea injection from the urea injecting mechanism if at least one of the temperatures of the NOx storage-reduction catalyst unit and the NOx selective reduction catalyst unit is equal to or lower than a reference temperature. As such, production of cyanic acid is minimized, and therefore leaks of cyanic acid from the NOx storage-reduction catalyst unit and/or the NOx selective reduction catalyst unit can be suppressed.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a steel for a welded structure to be used for a crude oil tank that exhibits excellent general and local corrosion resistance in crude oil corrosion caused in a steel oil tank and is capable of suppressing the formation of corrosion products (sludge) containing solid sulfur; a method for producing said steel; a crude oil tank; and a method for preventing a crude oil tank against corrosion. The present invention makes it possible to obtain general and local corrosion resistance in a crude oil tank environment and suppress the formation of corrosion products (sludge) containing solid sulfur by using a steel: containing, in mass, 0.001 to 0.2% C, 0.01 to 2.5% Si, 0.1 to 2% Mn, 0.03% or less P, 0.007% or less S, 0.01 to 1.5% Cu, 0.001 to 0.3% Al, 0.001 to 0.01% N as basic components and, further, 0.01 to 0.2% Mo and/or 0.01 to 0.5% W; and preferably satisfying the following expression; Solute Mo+Solute W?0.005%.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe is connected to an intake branch pipe downstream of a throttle valve by an EGR passage. An EGR control valve that controls an EGR gas amount is arranged in the EGR passage. An EGR catalyst is arranged in the EGR passage downstream of the EGR control valve. An ozone supply apparatus is provided which supplies ozone to oxidize and remove particulate matter. An ozone supply end of the ozone supply apparatus is connected to the EGR passage upstream of the EGR catalyst. If an EGR gas supply operation is being performed and an EGR catalyst temperature is within a set temperature range that is set beforehand, an ozone supply operation is performed. If the EGR gas supply operation is not being performed or the EGR catalyst temperature is outside of the set temperature range, the ozone supply operation is prohibited from being performed.

Abstract: Zn alloy particles for high corrosion resistance rust prevention paint containing, by mass %, Mg: 0.01 to 30% and having a balance of Zn and unavoidable impurities, having physical fracture facets and/or cracks of a length of 0.01 ?m or more or cracks of a depth of 0.01 ?m or more, having an average particle size of 0.05 to 200 ?m, and having an aspect ratio of maximum size and minimum size (maximum size/minimum size) of an average value of 1 to 1.5. Also, a high corrosion resistance rust prevention paint containing these Zn alloy particles and a high corrosion resistance steel material and steel structure coated with that paint.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine exhaust gas purification apparatus purifies exhaust gas using a NOx storage-reduction catalyst unit and a NOx selective reduction catalyst unit. The NOx selective reduction catalyst unit is provided downstream of the NOx storage-reduction catalyst unit in an exhaust gas passage. An urea injecting mechanism, for example an injection valve, injects urea into the exhaust gas passage. An urea injection controller prohibits urea injection from the urea injecting mechanism if at least one of the temperatures of the NOx storage-reduction catalyst unit and the NOx selective reduction catalyst unit is equal to or lower than a reference temperature. As such, production of cyanic acid is minimized, and therefore leaks of cyanic acid from the NOx storage-reduction catalyst unit and/or the NOx selective reduction catalyst unit can be suppressed.