Abstract: A thin steel sheet having sheet thickness ?1.6 mm, but tensile strength ?780 MPa and Young's modulus ?240 GPa in transverse direction is provided, where the steel sheet has composition including, in mass %, C: 0.06-0.12%, Si: 0.5-1.5%, Mn: 1.0-3.0%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.5% or less, N: 0.01% or less, Ti: 0.02-0.20%, and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, where the composition satisfies relations of Formula (1) and (2), and microstructure such that ferrite phase has area ratio ?60% and martensite phase has area ratio of 15-35%, ferrite and martensite phases are 95% or more in total, average grain size of ferrite is ?4.0 ?m and that of martensite is ?1.5 ?m, 0.05?[% C]?(12/47.9)×[% Ti*]?0.10 ??(1), where Ti*=[% Ti]?(47.9/14)×[% N]?(47.9/32.1)×[% S]??(2).

Abstract: A high strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet has TS of 440 MPa or more and an average r value of 1.30 or more, where the absolute value of the planar anisotropy of the r value (?r) is 0.20 or less. A chemical composition contains C: 0.010% or more and 0.04% or less, Si: more than 1.0% and 1.5% or less, Mn: 1.0% or more and 3.0% or less, P: 0.005% or more and 0.1% or less, S: 0.01% or less, sol. Al: 0.005% or more and 0.5% or less, N: 0.01% or less, Nb: 0.010% or more and less than 0.05%, Ti: 0.015% or more and 0.120% or less, and the remainder composed of Fe and incidental impurities, wherein (Nb/93)/(C/12)<0.20 and 0.005<C*?0.020 are satisfied, a steel sheet microstructure includes 80% or more of ferrite and 3% or more of martensite on an area ratio basis, and C*=C-(12/93)Nb-(12/48){Ti-(48/14)N-(48/32)S}.

Abstract: Provided are a high-strength steel sheet and a method for producing the same. A high-strength steel sheet has a composition containing 0.10% to 0.18% C, more than 0.5% to 1.5% Si, 0.5% to 1.5% Mn, 0.05% or less P, 0.005% or less S, and 0.05% or less Al on a mass basis, the remainder being Fe and inevitable impurities and also has a microstructure containing ferrite and pearlite. The volume fraction of the ferrite is 70% to 97%. The volume fraction of the pearlite is 3% or more. The volume fraction of cementite present at grain boundaries of the ferrite is 2% or less. The sum of the volume fractions of phases other than the ferrite, the pearlite, and the cementite is less than 3%. The average grain size of the ferrite is 7 ?m or less.

Abstract: A diol composition includes a diol as a major component and has an electrical conductivity of 0.6 to 30 mS/m.

Abstract: A high strength cold rolled steel sheet includes a chemical composition containing, by mass %, C: 0.010% or more and 0.060% or less, Si: more than 0.5% and 1.5% or less, Mn: 1.0% or more and 3.0% or less, P: 0.005% or more and 0.100% or less, S: 0.010% or less, sol.Al: 0.005% or more and 0.500% or less, N: 0.0100% or less, Nb: 0.010% or more and 0.100% or less, Ti: 0.015% or more and 0.150% or less and the balance comprising Fe and inevitable impurities. The microstructure includes, in area fraction, 70% or more of a ferrite phase and 3% or more of a martensite phase. The tensile strength is 440 MPa or more and an average r value is 1.20 or more.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for charging the gas compartment portion of a bag (1) in which incisions (9) are formed in gas introduction section (6a) of the gas compartment portion (6). A pair of gas injection nozzles (23, 24) are disposed so as to be on the opposite sides of the bag and reciprocate between its standby and advanced positions, so that in the advanced position, the discharge outlets (23a, 24a) of the gas injection nozzles are aligned with the gas introduction section on both sides, and compressed gas is injected into the gas introduction section through the incisions. A small gap (L) is provided between the discharge outlets of the gas injection nozzles when they are in the advanced position. As the gas is injected, film sheets of the expanded gas introduction section closely adhere to the discharge outlets, so that the gas injection state becomes stable.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for charging a gas into a gas compartment portion (6) of a bag (1), after a pre-heating step which is performed in stop position (IV) so that the gas compartment portion of the bag is heated by a heated gas-blowing nozzle (27), a preliminary gas injection step for injecting gas into the gas compartment portion is performed by a gas blowing nozzle (28) and a receiving member (29) in stop position (V). Then, a gas filling step is carried out in stop position (VI) by gas injection nozzles (23, 24), and the incision (9) in the gas compartment portion is sealed in stop position (VII). In the following pre-heating step, the front and rear film sheets (7, 8) of the gas compartment portion are softened, and in the preliminary gas injection step, the film sheets are separated and their adhesion is eliminated.

Abstract: A method of producing 2,3-butanediol includes subjecting a 2,3-butanediol culture liquid produced by microbial fermentation to nanofiltration membrane treatment and ion-exchange treatment (Step A), and then adding an alkaline substance and performing distillation (Step B).

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for filling a gas in a gas compartment portion of a bag, a bag-conveying gripper (41) including a pair of gripping elements (45 and 46), and the inner surface (gripping surface) of the gripping element (45) being formed with a shallow groove (47). The bag-conveying gripper (41) grips the sealed portion (12) of the bag, and a neck section (16a) of the gas compartment portion (16) in the sealed portion is held at a groove formed in the gripping elements of the bag-conveying gripper. Compressed gas is ejected into the gas compartment portion through incision (17) formed in the neck section, inflating the gas compartment portion 16. The inflated shape of the neck section held by the bag-conveying gripper is restricted to a flat configuration by the inner surfaces of the bag-conveying gripper.

Abstract: By subjecting an organic acid derived from a biomass resource to oxidation treatment using an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, tert-butylhydroperoxide, ozone, sodium hypochlorite or sodium chlorite, colored impurities contained in the organic acid derived from a biomass resource can be removed.

Abstract: A filling channel opening and closing device, which is used in a liquid product filling apparatus, including an opening and closing control unit that includes a flexible tube and a chamber enclosing the flexible tube in a gastight manner, a gas supply and exhaust device that collapses and restores the flexible tube by supplying pressurized gas into the chamber and exhausting the gas from the chamber, and a control device that controls the timing of supply and exhaust of the gas of the gas supply and exhaust device.

Abstract: A radiation member includes a base material; and a composite plating layer, formed on the base material, that includes a metal layer and two or more kinds of carbon materials, having different diameters from each other, dispersed in the metal layer such that to be provided with a plurality of protruding portions, each of the protruding portions being composed by a part of each of the carbon materials that are protruded from a surface of the metal layer.

Abstract: A heat radiation component includes a substrate including a predetermined surface, a plurality of carbon materials arranged with spaces in between, and a plating layer having a surface and including a plating material that fills the spaces between the plurality of carbon materials. At least one of the plurality of carbon materials is oriented orthogonal to the predetermined surface of the substrate. A part of each of the plurality of carbon materials protrudes from the surface of the plating layer in a direction opposite to the substrate.

Abstract: A nickel electroless plated film includes phosphorus, boron and carbon nanotube.

Abstract: A method of producing butanol, which has a step of removing impurities contained in a butanol-containing solution, is provided. In the method, a butanol-containing solution is filtered through a nanofiltration membrane. Then the butanol-containing solution is collected from the permeate flow of the nanofiltration membrane.

Abstract: A high strength galvanized steel sheet having excellent formability, includes a steel sheet which is a base sheet and a galvanized layer on a surface of the steel sheet, wherein the steel sheet is a high strength steel sheet which has a composition including, by mass %, 0.08 to 0.15% of C, 0.5 to 1.5% of Si, 0.5 to 1.5% of Mn, 0.1% or less of P, 0.01% or less of S, 0.01 to 0.1% of Al, 0.005% or less of N, and the balance Fe with inevitable impurities, and a microstructure composed of 75 to 90% of a ferrite phase as a main phase and 10 to 25% of a second phase including at least pearlite in terms of an area fraction with respect to the entire microstructure; an average grain size of the pearlite is 5 ?m or smaller; and the pearlite has an area fraction of 70% or greater with respect to the total area of the second phase.

Abstract: A thin high strength steel sheet having excellent formability has a composition which includes, by mass %, 0.08 to 0.15% of C, 0.5 to 1.5% of Si, 0.5 to 1.5% of Mn, 0.01 to 0.1% of Al, and 0.005% or less of N to form a hot rolled sheet is conducted.

Abstract: A cold rolled steel sheet with excellent bendability contains C at 0.15 to 0.30%, Si at 0.01 to 1.8%, Mn at 1.5 to 3.0%, P at not more than 0.05%, S at not more than 0.005%, Al at 0.005 to 0.05% and N at not more than 0.005%, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, and has a steel sheet superficial soft portion satisfying: Hv(S)/Hv(C)?0.8??(1) wherein Hv(S) is hardness of the steel sheet superficial soft portion, and Hv(C) is hardness of a steel sheet core portion, 0.10?t(S)/t?0.30??(2) wherein t(S) is thickness of the steel sheet superficial soft portion, and t is the sheet thickness.

Abstract: It is a problem of the present invention to provide a normal pressure cationic dyeable polyester being cationic dyeable under normal pressure, and having high strength. The problem can be solved by a normal pressure cationic dyeable polyester, characterized by being a copolymerized polyester having a main repeating unit including ethylene terephthalate, and including, in an acid component forming the copolymerized polyester, a metal salt of sulfoisophthalic acid (A) and a compound (B) which is a phosphonium salt of sulfoisophthalic acid or the like in such a state as to simultaneously satisfy the two mathematical expressions. Preferably, the glass transition temperature of the copolymerized polyester is within the range of 70 to 85° C., and the intrinsic viscosity of the copolymerized polyester is within the range of 0.55 to 1.00 dL/g. Further, by melt spinning the copolymerized polyester, it is possible to provide a polyester fiber.

Abstract: A method for producing a diol or triol, which has a step of removing impurities contained in a diol- or triol-containing solution, is provided. In the method, a diol- or triol-containing solution is filtered through a nanofiltration membrane having a polyamide-containing functional layer. The diol- or triol-containing solution is then collected from the permeate flow of the nanofiltration membrane.