Abstract: There is provided a transverse current suppressing material that suppresses a transverse current of an organic electroluminescent element, a carbazole compound, a hole-injection layer containing the transverse current suppressing material and the carbazole compound and an organic electroluminescent element that has good drive voltage, luminous efficiency and durability and has a lower transverse current. A transverse current suppressing material for an organic electroluminescent element, represented by the formula (1) [In the formula (1), A is represented by the formula (2) or (3), and B is represented by the formula (4)].

Abstract: A camera module (1) which includes a lens (3); a spring member (9a, 9b) which elastically urges the lens (3) toward an initial position along an optical axis direction; an electromagnetic drive means (11) capable of driving the lens (3) along the optical axis direction by producing an electromagnetic force against an urging force of the spring member (9a, 9b); and a control means (12) configured to control a drive current supplied to the electromagnetic drive means (11), wherein the spring member (pa, 9b) contains 2.9% to 3.5% by mass of Ti, with the balance being copper and inevitable impurities, and has a Vickers hardness equal to or greater than 350.

Abstract: A camera module (1) which includes a lens (3); a spring member (9a, 9b) which elastically urges the lens (3) toward an initial position along an optical axis direction; an electromagnetic drive means (11) capable of driving the lens (3) along the optical axis direction by producing an electromagnetic force against an urging force of the spring member (9a, 9b); and a control means (12) configured to control a drive current supplied to the electromagnetic drive means (11), wherein the spring member (pa, 9b) contains 2.9% to 3.5% by mass of Ti, with the balance being copper and inevitable impurities, and has a Vickers hardness equal to or greater than 350.

Abstract: An underground continuous wall building method and apparatus in which a chain cutter 2 provided with excavation blades is obliquely mounted on a running carriage 1. Slanting continuous trenches G1, G2 are excavated by moving the running carriage 1 in a transverse direction while rotating the cutter 2 with the cutter 2 obliquely placed in the ground, and a water cutoff material is poured into the excavated continuous trenches G1, G2 and solidified therein to build slanting continuous walls R1, R2 in the ground.