Abstract: A solar cell element comprises a semiconductor substrate, a passivation layer and a protective layer. The semiconductor substrate includes a p-type semiconductor region on one main surface thereof. The passivation layer is located on the p-type semiconductor region and contains aluminum oxide. The protective layer is located on the passivation layer and contains silicon oxide which contains hydrogen and carbon.

Abstract: The occluder supporter of the present invention is installed to the valve of a mammalian heart and is a device for preventing valve reflux. The characterizing feature of the present invention is the provision of a plurality of stitched attachments which are sewn on to the edge of the occluder and of a support which supports and maintains the edges of the occluder in a mutually close position and which is provided between the stitched attachments in such a way as to transect the valve aperture.