Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, in a case of duplex printing, a sheet is transported toward an image forming device along a sheet transport route, the image forming device forms an image on a first face, which is one of faces of the sheet, a reverse transport device reverses the front and back faces of the sheet and transports the sheet to a position upstream of a show-through reading device in a sheet transport direction, and the show-through reading device reads a second face, which is another face of the sheet. Then the show-through detector decides whether a show-through has occurred, on a basis of the image that has been read.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device of this invention includes a display medium sandwiched between a plasma generation substrate having channels for generating plasma and a counter substrate. In this liquid crystal display device, the display medium includes liquid crystal regions and polymer regions, wherein the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal regions are axisymmetrically aligned.

Abstract: A method for producing a liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer held between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes a polymeric region and a liquid crystal region substantially surrounded by the polymeric region, and liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal region are axis-symmetrically oriented, the method including the steps of: injecting a precursor mixture containing a liquid crystal material and a polymerizable material between the pair of substrates; heating the precursor mixture to a first temperature which is equivalent to or higher than a miscible temperature of the precursor mixture; cooling the precursor mixture from the first temperature to a second temperature which is lower than the miscible temperature; forming the polymeric region substantially surrounding the liquid crystal region by polymerizing the polymerizable material; and providing a tilt angle to the liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal droplet ph

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus has a junction panel obtained by joining a plurality of liquid crystal display panels so that display surfaces of the liquid crystal display panels become flush. The liquid crystal display panels each have picture elements for displaying images by transmitting and shielding a transmitting light, a black matrix for shielding a light which enters a position where the picture elements do not exist and a zonal sealing member for sealing liquid crystal into each picture element. A width of the sealing member on the junction surface where the liquid crystal display panels are joined is set so as to be narrower than a width of the black matrix. Joints of displayed images on a border of the liquid crystal display panels of the junction panel can be made inconspicuous, and quality of displayed images on the junction panel which is a big screen can be improved.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus has a junction panel obtained by joining a plurality of liquid crystal display panels so that display surfaces of the liquid crystal display panels become flush. The liquid crystal display panels each have picture elements for displaying images by transmitting and shielding a transmitting light, a black matrix for shielding a light which enters a position where the picture elements do not exist and a zonal sealing member for sealing liquid crystal into each picture element. A width of the sealing member on the junction surface where the liquid crystal display panels are joined is set so as to be narrower than a width of the black matrix. Joints of displayed images on a border of the liquid crystal display panels of the junction panel can be made inconspicuous, and quality of displayed images on the junction panel which is a big screen can be improved.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel including a liquid crystal material between two substrates assembled together by a sealing section which is interposed therebetween and surrounds the liquid crystal material is produced by a method including the steps of laminating two base substrates which are larger than the substrates of the liquid crystal panel in a completed state, leaving a gap between the two base substrate; filling the gap between the two base substrates with a mixture of a photocurable resin and a liquid crystal material, and irradiating a prescribed area of the mixture with light to cause phase separation of the photocurable resin from the liquid crystal material and to cure the photocurable resin, thereby forming a liquid crystal region and a sealing section which surrounds the liquid crystal region and assembling the two base substrates together; and cutting the base substrates into a plurality of liquid crystal panels.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes: a first substrate having a silicon layer on the surface thereof; a transparent second substrate placed so as to face the silicon layer; and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first substrate includes a plurality of switching elements formed in the silicon layer, a protection layer formed on the surface of the first substrate so as to cover the switching elements, a plurality of pixel electrodes with gaps therebetween formed in a matrix on the protection layer, and a filler for filling the gaps, wherein the surface of the filler is formed so as to be at the same level as that of the surfaces of the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes: two substrates facing each other, at least one of the substrates being transparent; electrodes disposed on inside surfaces of the respective substrates; a display medium which is provided between the two substrates and formed of polymer walls containing a polymer as their main component and liquid crystal regions containing liquid crystal as their main component; and a plurality of pixels, wherein the liquid crystal regions are partitioned by the polymer walls and are close to the substrates, portions of the liquid crystal regions close to the substrates being in parallel with the substrates, an interval a between the center of one liquid crystal region and the center of an adjacent liquid crystal region in a direction along the surface of the substrate is within a width of one pixel along the direction, and 80% or more of the intervals a satisfy the relationship: 3b/2>a>b/2, where b is an average of the intervals a.

Abstract: A projection type liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a plurality of laminated liquid crystal panels, each of which has a twisted nematic type liquid crystal layers and voltage applying means for modulating light that has passed through the liquid crystal layer by one display element unit, wherein the twisting direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer of one of the adjacent liquid crystal panels is opposite to that of the liquid crystal layer of the other liquid crystal panel; the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer of the first one liquid crystal panel in the vicinity of the liquid crystal layer of the other liquid crystal panel is approximately perpendicular to that of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer of the other liquid crystal panel in the vicinity of the liquid crystal layer of the first one liquid crystal panel; and the respective voltage applying means of each of the liquid crystal panels are provided with p