Abstract: A monolithic separation membrane structure (100) comprises a base material layer (211) and a first filtration layer (212). The first filtration layer (212) contains an aggregate material having a principal component of alumina and an inorganic binder having a principal component of titania. The thickness of the first filtration layer (212) is less than 150 micrometers.

Abstract: A ceramic filter is provided including a substrate, a separation layer comprising titania and having an average pore size in a range of 0.08 to 1 ?m and a thickness in a range of 5 to 20 ?m, and an intermediate layer formed between the substrate and the separation layer. The intermediate layer includes aggregate particles that are bonded together with glass frits, and aggregate particles of the intermediate layer are smaller than aggregate particles of the substrate and larger than aggregate particles of the separation layer.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a ceramic porous body comprising the steps of: mixing glass frit and silica particles with ceramic particles coming to function as framework particles to give a mixture, forming the mixture into a predetermined shape to obtain a formed body, drying the formed body, and firing the dried formed body. According to a method for manufacturing a ceramic porous body of the present invention, a ceramic porous body having excellent corrosion resistance against acid and alkali, and defects such as a strain and a crack are hardly caused during manufacturing.

Abstract: A ceramic filter is provided including a substrate, a separation layer comprising titania and having an average pore size in a range of 0.08 to 1 ?m and a thickness in a range of 5 to 20 ?m, and an intermediate layer formed between the substrate and the separation layer. The intermediate layer includes aggregate particles that are bonded together with glass frits, and aggregate particles of the intermediate layer are smaller than aggregate particles of the substrate and larger than aggregate particles of the separation layer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide novel squarylium compounds having the spectroscopic properties, light resistance, solubility and thermal decomposition properties suitable for a recording material for DVD-R, and optical recording media using the same. More particularly, the present invention provides novel squarylium compounds represented by the general formula (I). In addition, the present invention provides optical recording media having a recording layer containing said squarylium compound.

Abstract: Squarylium compounds having spectroscopic properties, light resistance, solubility and thermal decomposition properties suitable for a recording material for DVD-R represented by the general formula (I), having pyrazole and indoline skeletons in the molecule and optical recording media having a recording layer comprising an asymmetric squarylium compound of formula (I).

Abstract: A ceramic filter includes a separation layer made of titania having an average pore size of 0.08 to 1 &mgr;m and a thickness of 5 to 20 &mgr;m. The ceramic filter has both good fouling characteristic and high bacteria removal capability and used suitably for water purification or the like.

Abstract: An optical recording medium has a substrate and a recording layer formed thereon, the recording layer containing at least one squarylium compound and one azo metal chelate compound including an azo moiety of formula (I-1) or (I-2) and a metal: wherein A, B, A′, and X are the same as those previously defined in the specification. Writing and reading steps are performed by the application of a semiconductor laser beam with a wavelength in a range from 600 to 720 nm.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide novel squarylium compounds having spectroscopic properties, light resistance, solubility and thermal decomposition properties suitable for a recording material for DVD-R, and optical recording media using the same. More particularly, the present invention provides novel asymmetric squarylium compounds represented by the general formula (I), having pyrazole and indoline skeletons in the molecule. In addition, the present invention provides optical recording media having a recording layer comprising said asymmetric squarylium compound.

Abstract: An optical recording medium has a substrate and a recording layer formed thereon, the recording layer containing at least one squarylium compound and one azo metal chelate compound including an azo moiety of formula (I-1) or (I-2) and a metal: 1