Abstract: A peer-to-peer network in which a respective uploaders is paid for uploading content in accordance with a request for the content by a respective downloader. More specifically, the respective uploader is paid an amount determined in accordance with quality of service factors committed to in advance of the uploading by the respective uploader, quality of service factors actually provided to the respective downloader by the respective uploader or a quality of service requested by the respective downloader. A central system reconciles payment from the respective uploader, to a respective downloader and to a content rights holder.

Abstract: Implementing an expanded search and providing expanded search results comprises receiving a search query generated by a user. A type of expansion to apply to the search query is determined. Expanded search queries are automatically generated according to the determined expansion type without intervention from the user. A search is executed on each one of the expanded search queries to retrieve search results, and the search results are provided for presentation to the user in modules. A module comprises search results for one of the expanded search queries.

Abstract: Implementing an expanded search and providing expanded search results comprises receiving a search query generated by a user. A type of expansion to apply to the search query is determined. Expanded search queries are automatically generated according to the determined expansion type without intervention from the user. A search is executed on each one of the expanded search queries to retrieve search results, and the search results are provided for presentation to the user in modules. A module comprises search results for one of the expanded search queries.

Abstract: Intelligently sorting search results includes retrieving search results according to a search. A criterion to apply to the search results to organize the search results into clusters that present content of the search results is determined. The criterion is applied to the search results, and the search results are presented in clusters. Each cluster represents a category of the criterion applied to the search results.

Abstract: To implement an expanded search and to provide expanded search results, a first search query generated by a user is received. A type of expansion to apply to the first search query is determined. Expanded search queries associated with the first search query are automatically generated according to the determined expansion type without intervention from the user. A search is executed on each one of the expanded search queries to retrieve search results. A second search query is received, and the second search query is one of the expanded search queries. Expanded search queries associated with the second search query are automatically generated according to the determined expansion type without intervention from the user. A search on each one of the expanded search queries associated with the second search query to retrieve search results is executed. The search results are provided for presentation to the user in modules.

Abstract: A peer-to-peer network in which a respective uploaders is paid for uploading content in accordance with a request for the content by a respective downloader. More specifically, the respective uploader is paid an amount determined in accordance with quality of service factors committed to in advance of the uploading by the respective uploader, quality of service factors actually provided to the respective downloader by the respective uploader or a quality of service requested by the respective downloader. A central system reconciles payment from the respective uploader, to a respective downloader and to a content rights holder.

Abstract: A system supports automated negotiations between any number of appropriately enabled computing devices. These devices provide for automated negotiation of potential transactions using an iterative process in which multiple proposal are exchanged between negotiating parties.

Abstract: A memory area for storing the data for management of a page and a memory area for storing the data of the page itself are allowed to be distributed and allocated to separate caches. An access request for a storage module is received by a cache module managing the access request, and if a requested page is stored in another cache module, a responding process for the access request is performed jointly with the other cache module.

Abstract: A memory area for storing the data for management of a page and a memory area for storing the data of the page itself are allowed to be distributed and allocated to separate caches. An access request for a storage module is received by a cache module managing the access request, and if a requested page is stored in another cache module, a responding process for the access request is performed jointly with the other cache module.

Abstract: A state transition definition table describes state transition definitions. A state transition table generation class is generated from the state transition definition table. A state transition management module controls the state transition of screens utilizing a state transition table generated from a state transition table generation class, based on the input of events derived from screens. A state transition management module controls the display of screens based on the state transition thereof.

Abstract: A variable retrieving unit refers to variable relation information and variable definition information held in an analysis result storing unit and retrieves variables which directly relate to a variable designated by a retrieval designating unit. A display unit displays a variable retrieval result by the variable retrieving unit in a form such that the variable retrieval result can be used for designation for re-retrieval by the retrieval designating unit.

Abstract: A restricting condition extracting unit analyzes an error determination portion included in a program to be analyzed and extracts a restricting condition of a particular variable. A variable categorizing unit analyzes the relation among variables used in an executable statement in the program to be analyzed and categorizes the variables corresponding to the analyzed result. A domain definition extracting unit outputs domain relation information representing a domain to which a plurality of variables belong and the relation among variables that belong to the domain using the output of the restricting condition extracting unit and the variable categorizing unit. The domain definition information is graphically displayed so that the user can easily understand the content thereof.

Abstract: A variable type analyzing unit detects the data types of each variable. A variable length analyzing unit detects the length of each variable. A partial reference unit detects the range of a partial reference when part of a variable is referred to. An internal layout analyzing unit checks the range to which data is actually referred and to which data is actually assigned based on the information on each variable obtained by the above units. A domain analyzing unit categorizes variables used in a target program by domain based on the ranges.

Abstract: A control flow is prepared by connecting blocks in an execution order, each block not including a branch and comprising a series of statement, based on a syntactical analysis of a program. A second control flow is prepared by cutting the first control flow at one portion and combining the cut result with a symbol designating a loop. A third control flow is prepared by expressing a portion of a loop, branch and merge in the second control flow and the second control flow in a hierarchical manner. The third control flow expresses a portion of a sequential execution other than the loop, branch and merge, a portion of the loop, and a portion of a branch and merge in a hierarchical order by using a symbol for a sequential execution. A specification of the program is extracted by using the third control flow.

Abstract: In a printed matter identifying apparatus of the present invention, the light source illuminates the detecting fields of the note. The reflected light-waves from the detecting fields are lead to the light receivers through the focusing lenses, the diffusion plates, the optical slits, the light conducting paths and red color transmitting and blue color transmitting filters. The output signals from the light receivers are amplified by the amplifiers and sampled by the sampling circuits. Among the sampled color component signals, the red component signals are applied to the subtracter to produce the red component difference signal and the blue component signals are applied to the adder to produce the blue component sum signal. These different signal and sum signal are applied to the comparators respectively and compared with the reference signals read out from the memory. The output signals from the comparators are supplied to the judgment circuit where the judgment of the printed matter is performed.