Abstract: A substrate processing method includes: (A) preparing a substrate, on which a high-dielectric film having a higher permittivity than a SiO2 film is formed; (B) supplying, to the substrate, a metal solution containing a second metal element having a higher electronegativity or a lower valence than a first metal element contained in the high-dielectric film; and (C) forming a doping layer, in which the first metal element is substituted with the second metal element, on a surface of the high-dielectric film.

Abstract: To implement a downsized pressure sensor apparatus, a pressure sensor apparatus of the present invention includes a housing including a first pressure introduction passage for introducing a first pressure and a second pressure introduction passage for introducing a second pressure, a first pressure detection element provided in the housing and configured to detect the pressure introduced from the first pressure introduction passage, and a second pressure detection element provided in the housing and configured to detect the pressure introduced from the second pressure introduction passage, wherein a circuit substrate is placed above the first and second pressure detection elements, and a first intermediate terminal configured to electrically connect the first pressure detection element with the circuit substrate and a second intermediate terminal configured to electrically connect the second pressure detection element with the circuit substrate are inserted into the housing.

Abstract: A first sensor element outputs a first output signal in correspondence to a direction of the magnetic flux lines acting from the outside. A second sensor element outputs a second output signal associated with the first output signal in correspondence to a direction of the magnetic flux lines acting from the outside. A first conversion processing section converts the first output signal output from the first sensor element and the second output signal output from the second sensor element into the second physical quantity. A second conversion processing section converts the first output signal output from the first sensor element and the second output signal output from the second sensor element into a signal representing the rotation angle of the motor.

Abstract: A highly accurate displacement sensor using GMR elements for detecting displacement of a physical quantity such as angle provides a diminished waveform distortion of output voltage. At least two Wheatstone bridge circuits having a predetermined angular offset are installed, with each bridge circuit including a plurality of GMR elements. Each of the GMR elements has a fixed magnetic layer set to a predetermined magnetization direction. An AC power supply is used, and displacement of a physical quantity, such as a rotational angle, is detected on the basis of AC-modulated outputs from the bridge circuits.

Abstract: After the periphery of the magnetic sensitive element is surrounded by an elastic member, the magnetic sensitive element is mold-formed with resin material. Soft epoxy or gel resin is employed as the elastic member, poured in an element-mounting space and solidified. The magnetic sensitive element is surrounded by silicone rubber. Such construction allows the magnetic sensitive element not to be affected by vibration and allows the elastic member to absorb the stress which is created due to the thermal deformation of the molded resin.

Abstract: A first sensor element outputs a first output signal in correspondence to a direction of the magnetic flux lines acting from the outside. A second sensor element outputs a second output signal associated with the first output signal in correspondence to a direction of the magnetic flux lines acting from the outside. A first conversion processing section converts the first output signal output from the first sensor element and the second output signal output from the second sensor element into the second physical quantity. A second conversion processing section converts the first output signal output from the first sensor element and the second output signal output from the second sensor element into a signal representing the rotation angle of the motor.

Abstract: A highly accurate displacement sensor using GMR elements for detecting a displacement of a physical quantity such as angle is to be provided wherein a waveform distortion of output voltage is diminished. There are installed at least two Wheatstone bridge circuits having a predetermined angular offset and each comprising a plurality of GMR elements, the GMR elements each having a fixed magnetic layer set to a predetermined magnetization direction. An AC power supply is use as a power supply of the Wheatstone bridge circuits and a displacement of a physical quantity such as a rotational angle is detected on the basis of AC-modulated outputs from the Wheatstone bridge circuits. An anisotropic self-bias effect of a free magnetic layer in each GMR element can be diminished and hence it is possible to remedy a waveform distortion of an output signal based on the anisotropic self-bias effect of the free magnetic layer.

Abstract: After the periphery of the magnetic sensitive element is surrounded by an elastic member, the magnetic sensitive element is mold-formed with resin material. Soft epoxy or gel resin is employed as the elastic member, poured in an element-mounting space and solidified. The magnetic sensitive element is surrounded by silicone rubber. Such construction allows the magnetic sensitive element not to be affected by vibration and allows the elastic member to absorb the stress which is created due to the thermal deformation of the molded resin.

Abstract: A center core 1, a secondary coil 3 wound at a secondary bobbin 2 and a primary coil 5 wound at a primary bobbin 4 are placed concentrically inside a coil case 6 in sequence from the inside of the coil case. One end of the secondary coil 3 is connected to the primary coil side and becomes a low-voltage side, and the other side becomes a high-voltage side due to an induced voltage and used with connection to the individual ignition plugs of the internal combustion engine. The radial thickness of the bobbin at the low-voltage side 3a and the high-voltage side 3c of the secondary coil, each located at the both ends of the secondary coil, is made larger than the radial thickness of the bobbin at the center part 3b of the secondary coil. The radial thickness of an insulating layer 8 between the secondary coil 3 and the primary coil 5 at the low-voltage side 3a of the secondary coil is smaller and the radial thickness of the insulating layer at the high-voltage side 3b of the secondary coil is larger.

Abstract: An independent ignition type ignition coil for an internal combustion engine, comprising, arranged concentrically in a coil case (6) and with the innermost one mentioned first, a center core (1), a secondary coil (3) wound on a secondary bobbin (2) and a primary coil (5) wound on a primary bobbin (4), with epoxy resin (8) and soft epoxy (17) filled between these component members, wherein a coating is formed on the outer surface of the primary coil (5) so as to facilitate the separation from the epoxy resin (8) and the presence of this separation portion (50) between the primary coil (5) and the resin and in an interlayer of the primary coil (5) can reduce from a thermal stress produced within the secondary bobbin (2) a stress which is produced in the secondary bobbin by a heat contraction difference between the primary coil (5) and the secondary bobbin, thereby reducing the thermal stress of the secondary bobbin of the independent type ignition coil exposed to a rigorous temperature environment to prevent bo

Abstract: With an object of providing a pallet for transportation which is facilitated in fabrication as well as assembling and disassembling, light-weighted and solid there is provided a pallet 10 for transportation including (a) an upper face plate 11 constituted by a strip-like face plate made of a metal formed by constituting a sectional shape alternately aligned with (n+1) pieces of projected portions 11a and n pieces(n is a natural number) of recessed portions 11b and (b) a support member 13 in which a side face thereof is formed substantially in a square shape by being turned around to fold to bend to an inner side at four portions thereof in a longitudinal direction of the strip-like face plate and a reinforcement member 14 having a section in a channel-like shape is fitted to the projected portion between upper and lower strip-like face plates at both end portions and at least one portion of middle portions thereof in the longitudinal direction:

Abstract: A center core 1, a secondary coil 3 wound at a secondary bobbin 2 and a primary coil 5 wound at a primary bobbin 4 are placed concentrically inside a coil case 6 in sequence from the inside of the coil case. One end of the secondary coil 3 is connected to the primary coil side and becomes a low-voltage side, and the other side becomes a high-voltage side due to an induced voltage and used with connection to the individual ignition plugs of the internal combustion engine. The radial thickness of the bobbin at the low-voltage side 3a and the high-voltage side 3c of the secondary coil, each located at the both ends of the secondary coil, is made larger than the radial thickness of the bobbin at the center part 3b of the secondary coil. The radial thickness of an insulating layer 8 between the secondary coil 3 and the primary coil 5 at the low-voltage side 3a of the secondary coil is smaller and the radial thickness of the insulating layer at the high-voltage side 3b of the secondary coil is larger.

Abstract: A center core 1, a secondary coil 3 wound at a secondary bobbin 2 and a primary coil 5 wound at a primary bobbin 4 are placed concentrically inside a coil case 6 in sequence from the inside of the coil case. One end of the secondary coil 3 is connected to the primary coil side and becomes a low-voltage side, and the other side becomes a high-voltage side due to an induced voltage and used with connection to the individual ignition plugs of the internal combustion engine. The radial thickness of the bobbin at the low-voltage side 3a and the high-voltage side 3c of the secondary coil, each located at the both ends of the secondary coil, is made larger than the radial thickness of the bobbin at the center part 3b of the secondary coil. The radial thickness of an insulating layer 8 between the secondary coil 3 and the primary coil 5 at the low-voltage side 3a of the secondary coil is smaller and the radial thickness of the insulating layer at the high-voltage side 3b of the secondary coil is larger.

Abstract: In an independent ignition type ignition coil for an internal combustion engine which is used being directly coupled to a corresponding ignition plug, a center core 1, a secondary coil 3 wound around a secondary coil bobbin 2 and a primary coil 5 wound around a primary coil bobbin 4 are arranged concentrically in a coil casing 6 in this order from the inside thereof and such as epoxy resin 8 and soft epoxy 17 are filled between these constituting members, wherein on the outer surface of the primary coil 5 a cover film which promotes peeling off thereof from the epoxy resin 8 is formed, and because of existence of these peeling off portions between the primary coil 5 and the epoxy resin 8 and between the layers of the primary coil 5, a stress component induced inside the secondary coil bobbin 2 due to heat contraction difference between the primary coil 5 and the secondary coil bobbin 2 among thermal stress induced inside the secondary coil bobbin 2 is reduced.

Abstract: A center core 1, a secondary coil 3 wound at a secondary bobbin 2 and a primary coil 5 wound at a primary bobbin 4 are placed concentrically inside a coil case 6 in sequence from the inside of the coil case. One end of the secondary coil 3 is connected to the primary coil side and becomes a low-voltage side, and the other side becomes a high-voltage side due to an induced voltage and used with connection to the individual ignition plugs of the internal combustion engine. The radial thickness of the bobbin at the low-voltage side 3a and the high-voltage side 3c of the secondary coil, each located at the both ends of the secondary coil, is made larger than the radial thickness of the bobbin at the center part 3b of the secondary coil. The radial thickness of an insulating layer 8 between the secondary coil 3 and the primary coil 5 at the low-voltage side 3a of the secondary coil is smaller and the radial thickness of the insulating layer at the high-voltage side 3b of the secondary coil is larger.

Abstract: In an independent ignition type ignition coil for an internal combustion engine which is used being directly coupled to a corresponding ignition plug, a center core 1, a secondary coil 3 wound around a secondary coil bobbin 2 and a primary coil 5 wound around a primary coil bobbin 4 are arranged concentrically in a coil casing 6 in this order from the inside thereof and such as epoxy resin 8 and soft epoxy 17 are filled between these constituting members, wherein on the outer surface of the primary coil 5 a cover film which promotes peeling off thereof from the epoxy resin 8 is formed, and because of existence of these peeling off portions between the primary coil 5 and the epoxy resin 8 and between the layers of the primary coil 5, a stress component induced inside the secondary coil bobbin 2 due to heat contraction difference between the primary coil 5 and the secondary coil bobbin 2 among thermal stress induced inside the secondary coil bobbin 2 is reduced.

Abstract: In order to reduce the bulk and weight of the upper igniter case division of the armor case, and to lower the center of gravity of the total apparatus so as to provide an igniter which is tough to oscillate, the igniter for the internal combustion engine has the armor case equipped with the coil department and igniter unit therein, and said armor case has the igniter case having the coil department case and the connector department. Furthermore, the coil department case is inserted in the plug hole of the internal combustion engine. The igniter unit is mounted in the igniter case. Furthermore, the igniter unit has a semiconductor device of a simple substance silicon chip having integrated therein a semi-conductor for switching and a current limiting circuitry. The semi-conductor for switching consists of an insulated bipolar transistor (IGBT) or a power transistor.

Abstract: In order to reduce the bulk and weight of the upper igniter case division of an armor case, and to lower the center of gravity of the total apparatus so as to provide an igniter which is tough to oscillate, the igniter for the internal combustion engine has the armor case equipped with a coil compartment and igniter unit. The armor case has the igniter case having the coil case and connector. Furthermore, the coil compartment case is inserted in the plug hole of the internal combustion engine. The igniter unit is mounted in the igniter case. Furthermore, the igniter unit has a semiconductor device of a single substance silicon chip having integrated therein a semi-conductor for switching and a current limiting circuitry. The semi-conductor for switching consists of an insulated bipolar transistor (IGBT) or a power transistor.