Abstract: A circulating body driven with its surface being circulated along a fixed route and having a base material provided with a tubular outside peripheral surface and a surface layer covering the outside peripheral surface of the base material, the surface static friction coefficient of the surface layer is designed to be 0.06 or less with common paper at 100° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sliding member for an electrophotographic apparatus using a non-porous sheet having a sliding surface including at least a fluorocarbon resin as a sheet-like member interposed between a press member A and a resin film tubular body. The invention also relates to an image fixing device using the sliding member.

Abstract: In a circulating body driven with its surface being circulated along a fixed route and comprising a base material having a tubular outside peripheral surface and a surface layer covering the outside peripheral surface of the base material, the surface static friction coefficient of the surface layer is designed to be 0.06 or less with common paper at 100° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sliding member for an electrophotographic apparatus using a non-porous sheet having a sliding surface including at least a fluorocarbon resin as a sheet-like member interposed between a press member A and a resin film tubular body. The invention also relates to an image fixing device using the sliding member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a development apparatus which can operate free from development ghost or bias leak, can form a good image free of defects such as development ghost even if the foregoing negative-working magnetic one-component developer is used and can exhibit an excellent environmental stability of image density even under high temperature and humidity conditions. The magnetic one-component development apparatus according to the present invention comprises a developer carrier provided opposed to an electrostatic latent image retainer. The surface the developer carrier comprises an electrically-conductive resin layer containing as a particulate electrically-conductive material a carbon black and a graphite. The ash content in the graphite is not more than 3.0% by weight. The volume intrinsic resistivity of the electrically-conductive resin layer preferably falls within a range of from 2.0.times.10.sup.-2 to 0.99 .OMEGA..multidot.cm.

Abstract: A developer carrier comprising a cylindrical support having provided on the outer surface thereof a coating layer for retaining a developer, wherein the coating layer comprises electrically conductive fine particles and a binder resin comprising a phenolic resin having a weight-average molecular weight of from 3,000 to 5,000 as determined before being crosslinked. Also disclosed is a developing apparatus which comprises a developer carrier for retaining a developer on the surface thereof and for conveying the developer onto the position at which an electrostatic latent image formed on a latent image carrier is developed, wherein the developer carrier comprises a cylindrical support having provided on the outer surface thereof a coating layer for retaining a developer, wherein the coating layer comprises electrically conductive fine particles and a binder resin comprising a phenolic resin having a weight-average molecular weight of from 3,000 to 5,000 as determined before being crosslinked.