Abstract: A liquid crystal element of a layered type capable of high contrast is provided. For example, in the liquid crystal element of the layered type including liquid crystal layers b, g and r in this order, each of the liquid crystal layers b, g and r is held between electrode formation surfaces of a pair of substrates each provided with an electrode, an insulating film is disposed between the electrodes of the substrates, and at least two liquid crystal layers of the liquid crystal layers b, g and r have the insulating films opposed to the liquid crystal layers and being different in refractive index from each other, respectively.

Abstract: An ink set that includes an ink jet ink containing a pigment in a dispersed state and a reactive liquid to be employed with the ink to cause aggregation of the pigment in the ink in contact with the ink on a recording medium, wherein the ink further contains a graft polymer, and 50 mass % or more monomer units constituting a main chain of the graft polymer are monomer units having a hydrophilic functional group and 50 mass % or more of monomer units constituting side chains of the graft polymer are monomer units having a hydrophobic functional group, suitable for high quality ink jet printing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal light modulating device and method for amufacturing the same. The liquid crystal light modulating device has a plurality of resin columns adhering two substrates between which a liquid crystal material is filled. The resin columns are arranged in a predetermined arrangement within a display region of the device. Each columns is made from a curable resin material as a main component, and forms a macromolecular material having thermoplasticity after curing.

Abstract: A display optical apparatus is provided with: a polarizing plate transmitting illuminating light having a predetermined polarization direction; a reflective liquid crystal display device reflecting the illuminating light transmitted by the polarizing plate as projected light of a polarization condition that differs according to pixel information for each pixel; and a phase plate changing the polarization conditions of the illuminating light and the projected light and directing the illuminating light and the projected light to the polarizing plate. The phase plate is disposed between the reflective liquid crystal display device and the polarizing plate. The black level of the projected light is adjusted by rotating the principal axis direction of the phase plate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which has a liquid crystal composition between a first substrate and a flexible second substrate. The liquid crystal composition is filled between the substrates by being dispensed on the first substrate and spread uniformly while the second substrate is being pressed against the first substrate by a roller, and the liquid crystal composition is sealed by sealing resin provided on the sides of the substrates. The gap between the substrates is maintained by spherical spacers and/or a resin structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reflective type multilayer liquid crystal display having a blue liquid crystal light control layer, a green liquid crystal light control layer, and a red liquid crystal light control layer stacked in this order from a viewing side. The half width of a reflection spectrum of any of the liquid crystal light control layers is larger than that of the adjoining liquid crystal light control layer on the viewing side. Further, the maximum reflectance of the reflection spectrum of any of the liquid crystal light control layers is higher than that of the adjoining liquid crystal light control layer on the viewing side. In one embodiment, the chromaticity coordinate position, in the XYZ colorimetric system, of a color displayed when all the liquid crystal light control layers are in a state of reflecting at the maximum reflectance is present in a range within a distance of 0.02 from the chromaticity coordinate position of the standard white point.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which has a liquid crystal composition between a first substrate and a flexible second substrate. The liquid crystal composition is filled between the substrates by being dispensed on the first substrate and spread uniformly while the second substrate is being pressed against the first substrate by a roller, and the liquid crystal composition is sealed by sealing resin provided on the sides of the substrates. The gap between the substrates is maintained by spherical spacers and/or a resin structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a substrate for cell culture capable of controlling at least one function selected from adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, survival, maintenance of undifferentiated state, and apoptosis of a cell. The substrate comprises an immobilization area of controlling substances involved in at least one of the functions of adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, survival, maintenance of undifferentiated state and apoptosis of cells, for example: and the areas are formed by supplying a liquid containing the controlling substances to the substrate by small microdroplet ejection means and immobilizing the controlling substance on the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides cellular screening substrata which can be formed in simple processing steps. The cellular screening substrata can be formed which are characterized in that plural cellular screening substances are positioned and immobilized at predetermined positions on a base by micro-droplet discharging means, and plural areas having different cellular screening functions are formed thereon.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which has a liquid crystal composition between a first substrate and a flexible second substrate. The liquid crystal composition is filled between the substrates by being dispensed on the first substrate and spread uniformly while the second substrate is being pressed against the first substrate by a roller, and the liquid crystal composition is sealed by sealing resin provided on the sides of the substrates. The gap between the substrates is maintained by spherical spacers and/or a resin structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal light modulating element comprising a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal modulating layer interposed between the substrates. The liquid crystal modulating layer mainly comprises (1) a liquid crystal material for light modulation, (2) a plurality of spacers for maintaining a gap between the substrates, and (3) a plurality of resin structural nodules for supporting and adhering said pair of substrates. The resin structural nodules are arranged within a light modulating region based on a predetermined principle or a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: The phase sheet includes a first region and a second region which have respectively different slow axis directions or fast axis directions. A polymer constituting the sheet contains a photoisomeric molecule.

Abstract: A retardation film made of a polymerized liquid crystal material of the present invention includes: a first region having a first flat surface pattern; and a second region having a second flat surface pattern, wherein a thickness in the first region is different from that in the second region, thereby retardations in the first region and in the second region are different from each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal light modulating element comprising a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal modulating layer interposed between the substrates. The liquid crystal modulating layer mainly comprises (1) a liquid crystal material for light modulation, (2) a plurality of spacers for maintaining a gap between the substrates, and (3) a plurality of resin structural nodules for supporting and adhering said pair of substrates. The resin structural nodules are arranged within a light modulating region based on a predetermined principle or a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which has a liquid crystal composition between a first substrate and a flexible second substrate. The liquid crystal composition is filled between the substrates by being dispensed on the first substrate and spread uniformly while the second substrate is being pressed against the first substrate by a roller, and the liquid crystal composition is sealed by sealing resin provided on the sides of the substrates. The gap between the substrates is maintained by spherical spacers and/or a resin structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal light modulating element comprising a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal modulating layer interposed between the substrates. The liquid crystal modulating layer mainly comprises (1) a liquid crystal material for light modulation, (2) a plurality of spacers for maintaining a gap between the substrates, and (3) a plurality of resin structural nodules for supporting and adhering said pair of substrates. The resin structural nodules are arranged within a light modulating region based on a predetermined principle or a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: An optical element includes a transparent substrate having a main surface, a first birefringent photosensitive film arranged on a first region of the main surface such that a slow axis or a fast axis is aligned with a prescribed first direction, and a second birefringent photosensitive film formed on a second region different from the first region of the main surface such that the slow axis or the fast axis is aligned with a prescribed second direction different from the first direction. The first and second directions are different by 90.degree. (.+-.20.degree., more preferably, .+-.10.degree.). An image display device employing the optical element further includes an image forming device such as a liquid crystal display device, and with the optical element arranged on an image display screen, stereoscopic imaging is possible.

Abstract: A retardation film made of a polymerized liquid crystal material of the present invention includes: a first region having a first flat surface pattern; and a second region having a second flat surface pattern, wherein a thickness in the first region is different from that in the second region, thereby retardations in the first region and in the second region are different from each other.

Abstract: An optical element includes a transparent substrate having a main surface, a first birefringent photosensitive film arranged on a first region of the main surface such that a slow axis or a fast axis is aligned with a prescribed first direction, and a second birefringent photosensitive film formed on a second region different from the first region of the main surface such that the slow axis or the fast axis is aligned with a prescribed second direction different from the first direction. The first and second directions are different by 90.degree. (.+-.20.degree., more preferably, .+-.10.degree.). An image display device employing the optical element further includes an image forming device such as a liquid crystal display device, and with the optical element arranged on an image display screen, stereoscopic imaging is possible.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates and a display medium interposed therebetween, the display medium including a liquid crystal region and a polymer wall surrounding the liquid crystal region. The display medium is formed by injecting between the substrates a mixed material containing a liquid crystal material and a resin material which includes at least photopolymerizable monomer, and irradiating said mixed material with light. A content y (%) of the resin material in the mixed material has a relationship,0.3*(100-x).ltoreq.y.ltoreq.(100-x)for a pixel aperture ratio x (%).