Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a transmitter and a receiver for communicating communication data containing transmission data transmitted from an operator; and a data (physical data of his/her surrounding environment) analyzer for outputting a mental state and/or a physiological condition of the operator by estimating it based on the communication data. The communication apparatus enables smooth communication between a sending end and a receiving end.

Abstract: An air flow measuring apparatus, is of a type converting digital values Vadc having a non-linearity characteristic to a flow rate in air flow rate conversion processing. The apparatus, is provided with voltage output conversion processing, uses a QV map formed on a PROM, and is formed so as to obtain a voltage output signal Vout having a property equivalent to a signal Vin outputted from a sensor circuit by converting a smoothed signal Qaf into a voltage value having a non-linearity characteristic.

Abstract: An optical disk including concentric or spiral grooves, a first series of pits formed in the interrupted portions, and a second series of pits formed in portions of lands. Both of the first and second series of pits represent address information. The portions of the lands and the interrupted portions of the grooves are located in different radial directions. With this arrangement, even when the optical disk has a reduced track pitch, accurate address information is obtained, achieving a high-density recording optical disk.

Abstract: A gate terminal plate (1) of a GCT thyristor (90), a connecting substrate (70) of a driving device and a cathode electrode plate (10) are interposed between a set of metal rings (7A) and (7C) fastened to each other with a screw (8). The cathode electrode plate (10) is connected to a cathode post electrode (31) of the GCT thyristor (90). The screw (8) is electrically insulated from the metal ring (7A) and the gate terminal plate (1) through an insulator (9). By this structure, the gate terminal plate (1) and the cathode electrode plate (10) are directly connected to a first metallized layer (5) and a second metallized layer (6) which are provided on two main surfaces of the connecting substrate (70) of the driving device, respectively. Thus, resistance and inductance components in a path for a gate current are reduced and an assembly is simplified.

Abstract: An information write/read head writes or reads information on or from recording tracks by the heat-assisted system. The information write/read head includes a magnetic head provided in such a manner that a longitudinal direction of a magnetic gap crosses a scanning direction. Further, the information write/read head includes an aperture slit having a length of not less than a diffraction limit of a light beam, and a width shorter than the diffraction limit in the direction orthogonal to the recording track, which is formed in such a manner that the longitudinal direction thereof is aligned in a scanning direction of the recording track.

Abstract: An optical disk has a lead-in region provided at the inner circumference side and a user region provided at the outer circumference side. Pit string 3 of pits of different depths is formed in the lead-in region. Light beam reflected from the pit string is detected by detector and TPP and RF signals are output by differential amplifier and addition amplifier. A ternary signal is restored from pits based on the TPP and RF signals. Information is recorded by pits of the same depth in the user region. Recording information in the depth direction in the lead-in region increases the recording capacity thereof. The information recorded in the depth direction in the lead-in region cannot be transferred to a user region of another optical disk.

Abstract: In a heating resistor type air flow measurement apparatus, flow correction data are read out from a primary memory and stored in a secondary memory, and then an air flow signal is calibrated by the flow correction data stored in the secondary memory when starting the apparatus up. The apparatus has a diagnosis unit, for determining whether or not the flow correction data stored in the primary memory are correct, so that the determination processing of the flow correction data by the diagnosis unit is performed at any time at least including the starting-up point of the apparatus. There is no fear that engine control based on abnormal flow correction data will continue.

Abstract: On an optical disk, a string of a plurality of pits having two different depths is formed. Quantity of light reflected from the pit string is detected by a photoreceptor element, and based on the detected quantity of reflected light, a pit depth detecting unit detects depth of each pit. Based on the detected quantity of reflected light, a servo signal generating unit generates a tracking servo signal. An output control unit supplies the generated tracking servo signal when a pit of such depth that is to be reproduced is tracked, and holds and supplies an immediately preceding tracking servo signal when a pit of different depth is being tracked, based on the result of detection by the pit depth detecting unit.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium is composed of a base which has a property that a light can be transmitted therethrough, a readout layer formed on the base, which has in-plane magnetization at room temperature, whereas, a transition occurs from in-plane magnetization to perpendicular magnetization as the temperature thereof is raised and a recording layer formed on the readout layer for recording information magneto-optically. A recording and reproducing method and the optical head are designed for the magneto-optical recording medium. By the recording and reproducing method using the optical head, information recorded at high density can be reproduced.

Abstract: In flow detection by a thermal-type flow measuring instrument, a flow rate valve with reduced measurement error due to temperature variation can be obtained even under environment where a fluid temperature and a circuit temperature are different. A measurement error due to temperature variation of the fluid of the thermal-type flow measuring instrument can be corrected on the basis of a temperature of the fluid by adjusting the measurement error to be constant ratio irrespective of the flow rate. On the other hand, a temperature characteristic of the circuit is adjusted to be substantially zero %.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a recording layer made up of a ferrimagnetic material whose compensation temperature is included within room temperatures and an information recording-reproduction method using the magnetic recording medium. During recording, while a light beam is projected on the recording layer so as to raise the temperature of a recording portion, information is recorded by applying a signal magnetic field from a magnetic head. During reproduction, while a light beam is projected on a reproducing portion of the recording layer so as to raise the temperature thereof, information is reproduced by detecting leakage flux from the reproducing portion by the magnetic head. Thus, during reproduction, no magnetic flux is generated from other portions of the recording layer not irradiated by the light beam. With the arrangement, crosstalk due to leakage flux from adjoining tracks not irradiated by the optical beam can be eliminated.

Abstract: An optical disc having a recording film formed on one surface of a plastics substrate transparent to light, a first protection film formed on the recording film, a moisture proof film formed on the other surface of the substrate, and a second protection film formed on the moisture proof film.

Abstract: Grooves and lands are provided to a magneto-optical disk so as to be alternately arranged, and recording bit strings are formed on the grooves and lands respectively so that information is recorded. Moreover, pit rows are formed on boundary sections between the adjoining grooves and lands so that address information of a recording/reproducing track is recorded, and the pit rows are formed every other boundary section. When the grooves and the lands are scanned as the recording/reproducing track by a light, an address of the recording/reproducing track is read out from the pit rows, and successively, discrimination is made whether the recording/reproducing track which is scanned by an optical spot is the groove or the land. This prevents crosstalk which causes inclusion of address information in the next pit rows, thereby, making it possible to obtain accurate address information.

Abstract: An optical memory element includes a guide track groove portion and address signal pit portion for indicating the address of the guide track groove. The address signal pit portion has a pit width narrower than the groove width of the guide track groove portion.

Abstract: A magneto-optic memory medium comprising a dielectric film, a magneto-optic memory film, a dielectric film and a reflective film superposed in layers on a light trnasmitting substrate, the magneto-optic memory film being a rare earth-transition metal alloy film having the composition formula of:(Gd.sub.x Tb.sub.1-x).sub.y Fe.sub.1-ywherein x is 0.58 to 0.62, and y is 0.27 to 0.33, which is useful as a magneto-optic disc or magneto-optic card.

Abstract: An optical tape including an optical recording layer for permitting information to be optically recorded thereon and a light-reflective magnetic layer. The light-reflective magnetic layer which reflects light projected onto the recording layer, also permits magnetic recording or magneto-optical recording to be performed thereon, thereby increasing a storage capacity of the optical tape remarkably. Further, the optical tape is provided with a layer to form guiding grooves for tracking control. The layer to form guiding grooves is made up of ultraviolet-hardening resin, photo-resist, or a photochromic material. For example, in the case of using ultraviolet-hardening resin, after a guiding groove pattern has been exposed by projecting an ultraviolet ray on a layer made up of ultraviolet-hardening resin, the exposed areas harden to form areas corresponding to guiding grooves between those exposed areas.

Abstract: The invention features an apparatus and method for reproducing recorded bits from a magneto-optical recording medium. The medium includes a base, a readout layer formed on the base, a transfer layer formed on the readout layer and a recording layer formed on the transfer layer. The readout and recording layers each exhibit perpendicular magnetization in a temperature range between room temperature and, respectively, the readout layer's Curie temperature and the recording layer's Curie temperature. The transfer layer is predominant in-plane magnetization at room temperature and an in-plane to perpendicular magnetization transition occurs at a temperature above room temperature. Also, the recording layer Curie temperature is lower than the Curie temperature of the transfer layer. The reproducing method includes the steps of projecting a light beam, applying a subsidiary magnetic field and reproducing information based on reflected light from the readout layer while applying the subsidiary magnetic field.

Abstract: A disc cartridge for containing therein a disc-shaped medium which includes a generally flattened disc casing having a disc chamber defined therein for accommodating the disc-shaped medium and also having an access opening leading into the disc chamber, a lid structure supported by the disc casing at a position adjacent the access opening for movement between a closed position, in which the access opening is closed, and an opened position, and a lid lock interposed between the disc casing and the lid structure for locking the lid structure in the closed position. The lid lock includes a removable lock piece having first and second spaced functional parts. The first functional part has a breakable region through which the removable lock piece is connected with a portion of one of the disc casing and the lid structure, and the second functional part is engageable with a portion of the other of the disc casing and the lid structure to retain the lid structure in the closed position.