Abstract: The present invention conducts communication between transaction subjects for a change concerning manufacture or evaluation of an article more reliably while reducing a burden on a person in charge. An information processing system (1) includes: information processing devices (10) respectively associated with transaction subjects relating to article transactions; and a database (200) in which information of transaction content related to each transaction subject is registered by an information processing device (10) associated with that transaction subject.

Abstract: A solar cell (1) according to the invention is formed by stacking a first electrode layer (1C), a semiconductor layer (1A), and a second electrode layer (1D). The first electrode layer (1C) is placed on a light-irradiated surface side of the semiconductor layer (1A). The first electrode layer (1C) and the semiconductor layer (1A) are joined together with a Schottky junction interface in between. The second electrode layer (1D) is placed on an opposite side of the semiconductor layer (1A) from the light-irradiated surface. The second electrode layer (1D) and the semiconductor layer (1A) are joined together in ohmic contact with each other. The first electrode layer (1C) includes a visible light absorbing material.