Abstract: In order to effect thermal spraying of an inner surface at an optimal thermal spray distance depending upon thermal spray conditions, a method for thermal spraying of the inner surface includes the steps of inserting a thermal spray material bending member 3 having an inclined guide plane 8 at its tip face into the opening so as to face a thermal spray gun 1, moving the thermal spray gun 1 and the thermal spray material bending member 3 in synchronization with each other while maintaining the distance between the thermal spray gun 1 and the thermal spray material bending member 3 at a predetermined value and changing the direction of a thermal spray jet 4 jetted straight from the thermal spray gun 1 by the thermal spray material bending member 3 to spray the thermal spray jet 4 on the inner surface of the opening.

Abstract: A high efficient encoding/decoding system has processor for processing a sub-macro block having at least one collection of blocks as an encoding unit of input data, and a macro block having a macro block length data for indicating the length of the macro block itself in its head position and at least one of the sub-macro blocks.

Abstract: A video data recording/reproducing apparatus is designed to effect the high density recording for low bit rate coded data, correct the error with high reliability and reproduce only the main signal. For this purpose, an error correction circuit corrects the error in a transmission path by use of a parity code added by a parity adding circuit on the transmission side. A switch selects one of outputs of the parity adding circuit and error correction circuit according to whether the parity code is contained in the transmission data or not. A recording/reproducing circuit causes an output of the switch to be recorded. At the time of reproducing operation, the error correction circuit corrects the error in the recording/reproducing operation by use of the parity code contained in the reproduced signal.

Abstract: When the low bit rate coding is effected in a recording system 1A, a signal is coded and recorded in a hierarchical structure. On the reproduction side, the type of a recorded signal (the low bit rate coded signal of the hierarchical structure, non-hierarchical structure, conventional analog recording or the like) is determined by a determination system 1E and the operation modes of a digital signal processing system 1G and an analog signal processing system 1F are set. The analog signal processing system processes a reproduced signal when it is analog signal. The digital signal processing system processes a reproduced signal when it is a digital signal or when a reproduced output from the analog signal processing system is processed in a digital manner.

Abstract: An efficient coding signal processor for encoding information signals input in a sequence of block units in a manner of unifying an amount of information at a unit of N frames (N.gtoreq.1) which includes a block activity calculator for calculating a block activity for every block of the information signals in a present frame, a frame activity calculator for calculating a frame activity from the block activity of the block in the preceding frames, a code amount allocator for allocating an amount of codes for every block in the encoding process using the predicted frame activity, and a code amount allocation controller for controlling the amount of codes to be allocated for every block up to a preselected bit rate by monitoring the amount of codes allocated by the code amount allocator for the period of one frame.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recording/reproducing apparatus which records an effective transmit information signal on a recording medium in a high-efficiency coded form and decodes the high-efficiency coded signal read from the recording medium to recover the original information signal. At the time of recording or dubbing of the recovered information signal on another recording medium, the information signal, a control signal indicating whether or not the information signal has been subjected to high-efficiency coding and decoding processes and a specific signal indicating a specific value used in the high-efficiency coding and decoding processes when the information signal has been subjected to the high-efficiency coding and decoding processes are transmitted, thereby preventing the deterioration of data due to the high-efficiency coding.

Abstract: An electronic timepiece having functional hands includes indicating hands for indicating the time such as hours and minutes, a detection unit for detecting the information other than the time and an indicating part for indicating the information detected by the detection unit. The detection unit includes a first functional hand and a second functional hand for indicating mutually relevant information data.

Abstract: A recording apparatus for recording a digital data, which includes an orthogonal transform unit for transforming the time axis of the digital data to the frequency axis on a block-by-block basis, a conversion circuit for converting the digital data from the orthogonal transform means to a digital recording data and a circuit for causing the conversion circuit to convert the digital data to a recording data which is substantially impossible to be restored to the original digital data.

Abstract: A memory stores area specifying data for controlling a switch in the path of a signal of a first image in order to replace a portion of a first video signal with another signal (second video signal or the like). The control data of the memory can be obtained by converting a video signal, derived by use of a video camera, into a binary signal by a binary-coding circuit. In this case, a subject photographed by the video camera is a sheet of white rectangular paper on which an area edged or surrounded by a boarder line is specified, for example. In order to create the above area specifying data by photographing the subject on which the edged or surrounded area is specified, an edge counter, an odd/even number detection circuit, a flip-flop circuit, an AND circuit and a delay circuit are provided. That is, when an edge signal is supplied, the edge counter counts the edge signal and the odd/even number detection circuit and determines whether the counted value is odd or even.

Abstract: Image track display apparatus including a memory for delaying an image signal by at least one vertical scanning period, a first subtraction circuit for taking a first difference signal between the image signal and its delayed image signal through the memory. The first difference signal includes first and second polarity components, a non-linear processing circuit for multiplying the one polarity component of the first difference signal by K times (0<K<1) and for reducing the other polarity component of the first difference signal to the zero value when the other polarity component exceeds a prescribed value, a second subtraction circuit for taking a second difference signal between the output signal of the non-linear processing circuit and the image signal, and a display device for displaying the delayed image signal obtained through the memory circuit.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy valve lifter comprises a valve lifter body made of Al-Si (5-20%) type alloy, having silicon average grain diameter of 2 to 40 micrometers, and consisting of a cylindrical portion and a disc portion; an Fe-C type sprayed coating formed on the peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion, containing 0.1% or more of carbon and having a hardness of 300 Hv or more; a wear-resistant chip fixed on the underside of the disc portion; and an adjusting shim set on the upper side of the disc portion.